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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:课程作业 Coursework登出时间:2014-05-26编辑:lzm点击率:41422
论文字数:5060论文编号:org201405252100051829语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:中西方餐桌礼仪中西方文化差异Differences of table mannersChina and Western countriescultural background
摘要:Every culture in the world is equal, with no one being dominant or recessive to another. We should avoid using our own culture, morality and value to judge foreign culture. We should treat foreign culture objectively and comprehendly.
Chopsticks are invented thousands years ago at the place where bamboo grew luxuriantly. In China, the north area yield wood while the south area yield bamboo. The Chinese ancestors used local materials to produce chopsticks and bamboo became the original material of chopsticks. Knives and forks are invented much later than chopsticks. To the study of Pro. You Xiuling, knives and forks can relate to ancient European nomads’ habits and customs. As the nation of equestrian, the nomads carried knives wherever they went. They always use knives to cut the cooked meat off, and then use the knives to send the meat into mouth. In order to improve eating gesture, Europeans began to use forks after about the 15th century. At that time, the forks had only two tips. Forks used today in modern style have four tips were invented in the 18th century. Chopsticks and forks not only cause the differences of food culture, but also cause the differences of life perceptions between Chinese and western cultures. The knife and the fork arose the shared-food system. On the contrary, the chopsticks always coordinate with the all families. Western people eat separately since their childhood, and this creates out their ideas of independence. While chopsticks arose the together-food system, which gives prominence to the happiness that old and young eating together. And it also makes Chinese people have a strong sense of family.
2.3 The right order of dish up
2.3.1 Chinese order
Chinese order for dish up is: cold dishes, drink and wine, hot dishes, staple food, desserts and fruits. At big banquets, the same dish should be sent to each table at the same time. The order should keep traditional that first clod dishes and then hot dishes.
Hot dishes should send from left of the inferior seat that opposite to the honor seat. Small dishes should first send to guests and then to the host. There are some main methods for dish up: first one is serving a big dish and guests get food by themselves; the second one is that the waiter hold the plate and serve the guests one by one; the third one is to divide the food into small dishes and every guest has a share. At formal western banquets, having dishes is just like enjoying a PPT. But an appropriate Chinese dinner contains more. Cold dishes help stimulating the appetite; warm soup helps keeping warm, especially in winter; after appetite stimulated and body warmed, there come the entrees. Hosts would try their best to make the entrees ingratiate every guest’s taste. Staple food come after entrees. The staple food can be noodles or rice. Desserts can be a perfect end of the dinner. Desserts are always sweet soup like red bean paste or gingili paste. There are also many other kinds of desserts like pudding or ice cream. Today, Chinese prefer to have fruits instead of tranditional desserts. The fruits can be apples or watermelon or other fruits that taste fresh and clean. This is much healthier.
All these procedures can not only make the whole dinner harmonious and ordered, 本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。