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ur kind hospitality.谢谢您的盛情款待。(比较:Thank you for your delicious dinner.谢谢你美味的晚餐。)2)慷慨准则a. Would you do me a favour?请问能劳烦您一下吗?(比较:Can you help me?你能帮我一下吗?)b. I shall never cease to feel grateful for yourfavours.您的大恩大德我将铭记不忘。(比较:I shall never cease to feel grateful for yourhelp.你给我的帮助我将永远不会忘记。)3)赞誉准则a. He is a senior citizen now.他现在是一位资深公民了。(比较:He is an old man now.他现在是一位老人了。)b. Caoyu is a Shakespeare of China.曹禺是中国的莎士比亚。(比较:Caoyu is the best playwright of China.曹禺是中国最优秀的戏剧大师。)4)谦逊准则a. This is a token of my regard for you.这是我对您表示的一点敬意。(比较:This is a present for you.这是给你的礼物。)b. Your praise is the highest honour for me.您的赞誉是给我最高的荣誉。(比较:Thank you for your praise.谢谢你的夸奖。)5)一致准则a. I couldn t share the same idea with you.你的观点我不敢苟同。(比较:I don t agree with you.我不同意你的观点。)b. If you were in my position, you would do thesame.如果你处在我的位置,你也会那样做的。(比较:I have to do so.我不得不那样做。)6)同情准则a. I am sorry to hear that your father rested inAbraham s arms.听说令尊已躺在亚伯拉罕的怀里了,我深表遗憾。(比较: I am sorry to hear that your father isdead.听说你父亲去世了,我深表遗憾。)b. If I were you, I would have taken a route ofegress as you did.如果我是你,我也会像你一样找一条退路了。(比较:If I had been in your situation, I wouldhave been defeated by the mighty enemy, too.如果我身处你的境地,我也会被强大的敌人打败的。)Leech的礼貌原则表明了社会中人人平等关系和友好关系。这些关系要求我们对待交谈者首先应该采取合作的态度。用委婉语代替粗俗的话语,可以满足交谈者要面子的心理需要。因此,话语要措辞得当。一般说来,措辞得当离不开委婉语。良好的措辞表明与交谈者有良好的关系。然而,美国哲学家Grice的“合作原则”(Co-operativePrinciple)(Grice,1975)中的“关联准则”(the MaximofRelevance)限制了委婉语的选择范围。在他的准则里,他建议在交谈中听话者的回答要与说话者的话语密切关联。在交谈过程中,刚采用的委婉语必须与原来的语言符号相关联,可以为听话者提供理解话语的线索。这条准则要求提供大量的标准会话含义。请看下面的例子:A; How is John doingwith his study at school?约翰在学校的学习情况怎么样?B: He s a machine.他像机器一样。这里,B的回答从字面上来说没有回答A的问题,似乎至少违背了质的准则和关联准则。我们可以理解为,B的话语是没有与A合作的应答,不顾A所关心的话题而改变话题。然而,尽管交谈时答非所问,我们可以尽量从话语的深层含义来解释B的回答。首先,我们假设这段会话是符合会话合作原则的,然后我们来猜测约