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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:本科毕业论文 Thesis登出时间:2014-11-18编辑:Cinderella点击率:19240
论文字数:7453论文编号:org201411171712587896语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:免费论文
关键词:Adam Weishauptphilosophy实践哲学启蒙主义
摘要:巴伐利亚王国因戈尔施塔特大学的实践哲学教授亚当维索兹,着力于宣传启蒙主义的人类伦理的完成可能说,于1776年5月1日创建“完全可能性主义者之会”。本文从教授幼年某次森林旅行的经历讲起,详细介绍了教授本人及其思想。
Types Of Conspiracies
Barkun differentiates between three types of conspiracies: event conspiracies, systemic conspiracies and superconspiracies. In an event conspiracy, the conspirators are believed to be responsible for only a limited, discrete event. Systematic conspiracies are characterized by broader goals, such as gaining power over a country, a certain region or even the world. However, only a single group of people or a single organization are believed to take part in this. In a superconspiracy multiple conspiracy theories are linked to more conspiracy theories and global events. Superconspiracies are characterized by the belief that everything is connected.
This paper will mainly deal with the identified event conspiracies. Although Barkun's book “A Culture of Conspiracy” displays an excellent theoretical approach to conspiracy theories it seems slightly narrow when it comes to different kinds and beliefs of conspiracy theories. Barkun generalizes conspiracy theories and theorists as believers in UFOs, alien intervention in global events and the New World Order. However, he does not discuss the possibility that there might be people, who do not believe in supernatural interventions in earthly happenings but who still believe in alternative explanations for national and international events that deviate from the official explanation. For this reason, two different categories have to be integrated into the types of conspiracy theories. This paper will differentiate between supernatural and factual theories.
Supernatural conspiracy theories include, among others, beliefs in aliens, UFOs, the New World Order and millennialism. They are irrational and non-falsifiable as nothing supernatural was ever able to be empirically proved and verified. Most certainly, these theories are the reason why the term ‘conspiracy theory' has a paranoid or even insane connotation. Furthermore, theories about the freemasons and the illuminati will be included into this category.
The main focus of this paper will be the so-called factual theories. Factual conspiracy theories incline the secret involvement of an earthly group, organization or even state in global events and affairs. The murder theory of Kurt Cobain's death as well as the theory of US state involvement in the 9/11 attacks constitute examples for this kind. However implausible these theories may sound, they do have a slightly more rational nature. They deal with an issue that could be verified or falsified with access to the right information. Nevertheless, this information is usually impossible to attain which also gives these conspiracy theories a non-falsifiable nature. So eventually, it still comes down to belief or disbelief. However, it is important to mention that these factual theories redu本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。