国际政治研究 [2]
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2016-04-04编辑:cari2点击率:5575
论文字数:1980论文编号:org201603302147169359语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:International GeopoliticsNatural Resources美国与中国超级大国东亚地区
摘要:美国一直密切关注中国,调整政策,以确保它不会失去其作为世界上唯一的超级大国的地位。由于中国是一个新兴的大国,它不仅聚集了东亚地区的关注,同时世界其他地区也正在向他靠近。
oil and contains substantial oil reserves. Much attention has been given to China's national oil companies investing in oil exploration and production assets overseas. As a result of worldwide population and economic growth, energy consumption is expected to increase greatly. Under this situation, energy resources diplomacy is an indispensable for energy security and stable supply of energy (Wiig 2011). In spite of fast economic growth, rising costs of oil and raw materials, global energy consumption will keep growing and the supplies of energy reserves are limited. Resources security has three factors (1) insuring a stable supply of energy resources (2) keeping resources supplies at acceptable prices and (3) being able to transfer those resources to fixed locations, not necessarily to the home country, where they are processed or consumed (Taylor 2006). Resources security is an essential part of China's foreign policy, as continued economic growth stabilised China and strengthens national power. China introduced a 'New Security Concept,' which recognised energy, food, technology, public health, anti-crime and anti-terrorism as key parts of national security under globalisation. Also, China's increased overseas buying of resources made other countries dependent on China's economy for their growth, thereby expanding China global influence (Aion 2009).
Chinese activity in Africa is rising at exponential rate. According to the China-Africa Business Council, China is Africa's third most important partner, behind the US and France but ahead of the United Kingdom, A senior economist at the Chinese Ministry of Commerce forecasts that trade volume between China and Africa will top the USD100 billion mark in the next five years. Chinese textile and clothing companies are investing heavily in Africa, while China becomes politically engaged with the continent (Taylor 2006). It becomes issues that China's seeking for oil caused particular concern in Western capitals. China's top ten trading partners in Africa, with the exception of South Africa, with its well-developed industrial economy, Beijing's main trade connection in Africa is oil producing states. Chinese oil diplomacy in Africa has two main goals, in the short-term, secure oil supplies to support increasing domestic demand in China, in the long-term, position China as a global player in the international oil market (Taylor 2006).
China has long believed African continents to be diplomatically important, and it can be back to the late 1950s. Chinese interest in Africa was reignited by events surrounding Tiananmen Square, when African leaders were rush to assist Beijing in the face of severe criticism by the west. Post-Tiananmen Square China remembered that Africa was very supportive when Beijing was in dispute with other global actors (David 2006). As Philip snow has pointed out, both Chinese and African elites liked to posture themselves as having experienced and continued to face common enemies, namely imperialism and 'neo-imperialism'. As a Chinese embassy press statement puts it, 'China and Africa support each other in international affairs, especially on major issues such as human rights, safeguard the legitimate rights of developing countries, and efforts to promote the establishment of a new and rational international political and economic order (Taylor 2006). As Chinese economic growth and high oil prices are sustained, China is starting to rearrange the Sino-African
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