a literature review I must be able to:
make a critical appraisal of the different works related to my area on interest;
identify areas of controversy in the literature;
show relationships between different works;
show how it relates to my own work.
2.1 What is literature review?
2.1.1 Theories on literature review
According to University Library, a literature review is not a book review, it is instead “a survey of articles, books, and other sources, such as
dissertations, conference proceedings, etc, relevant to a particular issue, area of research or theory, providing a description, summary and critical evaluation of each work. The purpose is to offer an overview of significant literature published on a topic.” In this definition we can note that it begins by saying what we should not do. It is important for someone to know this aspect so as to avoid confusion because often we tend to think that the best way of doing literature review is to look for and read books which has treated the subject and reproduce what the author has already said. But in reality we must examine the resources (articles, books, journals, etc) in connection to our subject, to summarise them and to analyse them critically. For instance in the context of our study I will have to search for articles, books, dissertations, conference proceedings which is related to school based management and school leadership. The next step will be to summarise them and to make a critical analysis of the different theories which have already been in this context.
The mathematician, Lois E. Reed, in his research paper, Performing a literature review, “the literature search is not just one distinct step in a research task. It is both a step and an iterative feedback loop. Defining an unsolved problem determines what kind of literature search is appropriate, and performing a literature search helps define an unsolved problem.” Here we can note that this is a very important step which must be carried out before beginning our research in order to know what has already been tested and written about, also are the theories tested valid or not and finally to avoid a repetition of what has already been discovered. In connection to our study doing a literature search will help us to define what is a school based management, what is student leadership and also how rectors should promote this type of leadership in order to find new ways to run their colleges smoothly.
Another theorist, Cooper, H. M. (1988), mentioned that '... a literature review uses as its database reports of primary or original scholarship. The primary reports used in the literature may be verbal, but in the vast majority of cases reports are written documents.” In the two above-mentioned definitions it has been emphasised that literature review is an important step before beginning our research work during which the researcher must analyse theories which has already been developed but according to Cooper before doing the analysis the authenticity of the data must be verified and then reviewed. In the case of this research work, before doing the analysis of the different theories concerning the school based management school and student leadership, we must verify the primary sources of the theories to test their validity and reliability.
2.1.2 Definition of literature review
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