teaching on ecological criticism. In 2008, Wang Nuo proposed that ecological literature research should be divided into nine aspects, including criticism to anthropocentrism, criticism to the concept of conquering and controlling nature, criticism to desire, criticism to scientism, criticism to development, criticism to consumption culture, Ecological Holism, the concept of plain life, and Ecological Aesthetics(2008:134-135).
Criticism of anthropocentricity is a significant part of Eco-criticism, and research on it plays an important role in this article. American historian Lynn White put forward some criticism to anthropocentric theory. According to him, anthropocentrism of Christian was the cultural and spiritual root of ecology crisis which encouraged humans to treat nature with the attitude of dominator (1996:6). He also thought that the Christian religion was one of the most anthropocentric religions in the world, and it made it possible for human to ignore the nature’s feelings and to exploit natural resources. And then humans detracted all creatures except themselves, humans could name for all creatures, and took in charge of these creatures (1996:14). Besides, Wang Nuo insisted that “the most fatal mistake committed by mankind for thousands of years is to see themselves as the center of the universe and to focus on their own interests” (2004:6). They don’t have a clear and profound understanding of the long-term and overall value on the relationship between humans and the ecological system (2004:6).
There are also numerous literary works focused on criticism of the concept of conquering and controlling the nature. John Bellamy Foster held that humans could continue to maintain their progress and, at the same time, overcome the serious environmental problems on the premise that humans were willing to make some fundamental change, that is, to give up the concept of conquering and controlling the nature (2006:1). In 2007, Wang Xinling and Wang Buqing proposed that “the nature would punish and revenge on human beings”, and transformation of nature and creation of artificial nature can have an active effect on humans (2007:11). But nowadays in order to satisfy their selfish demands and desire, people changed the regulatory mechanism of nature, which caused the unharmonious relationship between human and nature. Consequently, the living environment of human beings themselves is broke; at the same time, human beings may be revenged and punished by the nature.
Criticism of human’s greed appears frequently in many books all over the world. A writer from Russia named Leonov appealed that human’s soul can no longer be corrupted by desire, human would die near their compatriot’s grave or sick a new path, that is, human should stop satisfying their endless desire (1984:599). In China, Huang Gangwei submitted that human can not be died from achieving money in 2002. According to him, the power of money is inexhaustible, the power of desire is also inexhaustible (2002:41). When these two inexhaustible strengths are united, you will be extremely and intractable powerful. If you had a positive attitude, you will gain endless fortune and will make a huge contribution. But if you had a negative attitude, you will be abandoned by the society after you have got large amount of money. So facing the desire of money, a person should make a positive choice instead of being died from achieving money. Wang Nuo advocated that the reason why
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