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论文作者:英语论文论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-11-12编辑:yangcheng点击率:17908
论文字数:4813论文编号:org201411102351185803语种:英语 English地区:加拿大价格:免费论文
摘要:本文是一篇国际贸易的经典理论,本章的目的是回顾外国直接投资的现有机构知识,并通过战略研究吸引外国直接投资。它试图展示有助于理解和外国直接投资的根本动机的相关理论,假设和思想流派的总结。
Porter’s Diamond Theory
Porter’s Diamond Theory (1990) emphasises global patterns of FDI based on different country characteristics. He explained why certain countries tend to become leaders in some activities by using examples of sophisticated industries. According to him, firms that have successfully globalised their production activities have done so because of their ability to carry their home-based advantages in foreign market.
Taking from the shape of a diamond, Porter (1990) maps out that there are four endogenous variables that would affect the decision of the multinational firms to compete internationally. These factors are:
Factor conditions – the country’s position in terms of factors of production such as infrastructure and skilled labour necessary to compete in a given industry;
Demand conditions – the nature of home demand for the industry’s product or service;
Related and supporting industries - the presence or absence in the country of supplier industries and related industries that is internationally competitive; and
Firm strategy, structure and rivalry - the conditions in the country governing how companies are created, organized, and managed, and the nature of domestic rivalry.
The role of government and chance are taken as exogenous variables in the model which can influence to a great extent any of the four endogenous variables. Government policy can either impede or help a firm’s progress and innovation. Chance events can come in the form of technological advancements that create a national competitive advantage for a firm. Porter (1990) stated that different dynamics may exist between the endogenous and exogenous variables, depending on what drives FDI flows namely factor-driven, innovation-driven and wealthdriven. The factor-driven and innovation-driven can be associated with continuous improvement of a country’s competitive advantages that contribute to the development of an economy. On the other hand, the wealth-driven cause can be associated with stagnation and continuous decline that perpetuate a country’s declining economy. The components identified by Porter (1990) are to some extent similar to the host-country characteristics that Dunning (1988) outlined in his OLI paradi本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。