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into alignment with political objectives. ‘The autonomy of the self is thus not the eternal antithesis of political power, but one of the objectives and instruments of modern mentalities for the conduct of conduct (N. Rose.1996:155).’

 

2.3 Museum and the Public

 

The opening of the museum to the public is under a transformative process. At the very beginning it was thought that, if museums opened to the public, they are bound to fall victim to the disorderliness of the crowd. The fear of the crowd (or mob) reflects the represents the privilege sense of the elites, they afraid the unruliness of the mob would damage the ordered display of culture and knowledge, especially the aura of culture and knowledge, because the image of the poor are connected to the disorderly crowd of the fair, like the political mob.

 

Pitt Rivers attach importance to the need for museums to reach working-class constituencies whose occupation had previously been grounds for their exclusion from the world of culture and knowledge. He points out that their capacity for abstract and theoretical thought is limited. Similarly, Pierre Bourdieu in ‘Art and Theory: the Politics of the Invisible’ argued that display in art galleries remains invisible and unintelligible to those not already equipped with the appropriate cultural skills (Bennett 1995a: 10). There is the need for the individual to acquire civic virtue through exposure to art, however, the working class visitors come with an inherent deficiency, so the museum must compensate for and overcome through unambiguous classificatory principles, rational layout and use of space, and clear and descriptive labeling. Barry advocated that the public exhibition of art should be accompanied by textual supplements in which the civic value of the art displayed might be explained to those, who while they might have the eyes to see, would still be culturally blind to art’s lessons. Bennett shows a special interest in Pitt Rivers’ argument that the very purpose of his ethnological displays was that their lessons should be accessible to ‘those who run’ without the aid of textual supplements. As he argued that in order to allow the museum to become an effective instrument of public education, it requires the museum to present itself to its visitors as a readable text (Bennett 1998b).

 

In late nineteenth century, the development of natural history, ethnology and anatomy collections were calculated to allow the visitor to retread the paths of evolutionary development which led from simple to more complex forms of life. The tendency of natural history and ethnology museums was in the opposite from the art museums, from assemblages of objects of scientific or curiosity value into instruments for a civically orientated public didacticism (Bennett 1998a:149). Historical sciences played an increasingly crucial role in governmental processes aimed at forming and shaping the attributes of citizens. Its role had earlier been supplanted by aesthetics as a resource to equip populations with a ca本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。