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k Road. In addition, the compass benefited the Chinese to build their houses facing the south as ‘Feng Shui’ has a great cultural value in China. ‘Feng Shui (pronounced fung shway) is the ancient Chinese art of improving every part of your life by enhancing your environment according to the principles of harmony and energy flow.’ (Kennedy, 2010:1) As stated before, all of the three core Chinese belief systems emphasis on the importance of nature. Consequently, ‘Feng Shui’ is highly valued since it is ‘the study of the relationships between the environment and human life.’ (Kennedy, 2010: 12) The Chinese believe that in accepting the principles of ‘Feng Shui’, it helps them to live in harmony with nature, respecting the resources the Creator gave.

Another short scene of Chinese opera was played. Chinese opera is one of the greatest artistic achievement in Chinese culture as it shares ‘a basic artistic format combining music, singing, speech, dance, and postures in order to narrate a story, each genre distinguished itself mainly by the local tunes and dialect it used in singing and speech.’(Jiang, 2008:7) Traditional Chinese opera evolved until the Yuan dynasty. ‘There has been no radical change from the Yuan dramas to the Chinese operas of today’ (Ong, 2005:143), apart from the involvement of women. In the past, men played both male and female roles and excluded women, but now, women are included and some even play the male role. The first half of the ceremony ended with an ancient Chinese tune, Chun Jiang Hua Yue Ye, 春江花月夜, and fireworks, the fourth great invention. Due to the belief of Buddhism, the majority of the Chinese believe in life after death, hence, the ancient alchemists had an idea of an immortality drug.[10] In mixing various substances together, it ‘led to the accidental discovery that the application of heat to a mixture of sulphur, nitre (potassium nitrate) and carbon would cause an explosion.’ (Ong, 2005:170) At first, the Chinese used gunpowder in wars to frighten enemy away, after a period of time, they realised that gunpowder could take life, evolving into many different inventions including the cannon. Ironically, the Chinese were introduced to ‘a more effective use for it only when Western nations brought their soldiers and gunboats to China at the end of the nineteenth century.’ (Ong, 2005:170) Gunpowder is an important invention since it changed the way of warfare, and increased the Chinese’s knowledge of chemistry at the time. Fireworks were set throughout the ceremony including the 29 footprints in the previous section.

After the day of the Beijing Olympics Opening Ceremony, there are many challenges to the four great inventions. According to Zhao Feng, Vice Curator of the China Silk Museum, ‘the former Four Great Inventions no longer fully represent the highest level of ancient China’s science and technology.’(Beijing Review, 2008) He argues that paper, printing, compass, and gunpowder were named the four great inventions about 400 years ago by the West due to its usefulness to them at their time. He believes that the four great inventions should be bronze, silk, porcelain, and paper and printing – paper and printing are merged into a single one, because these are the highest science and technology inventions in ancient time. Howeve本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。