同性恋和文化多元性Homo ***uality and Cultural Diversification [2]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-10编辑:刘宝玲点击率:11408
论文字数:26000论文编号:org200904101055163664语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:homo***ualityinfluencecultural diversification同性恋影响文化多元性
Homo***uality
According to the definition, causes, and categories of Homo, a brief introduction to homo***uality can be made as follows.
A. Definition
The term ‘homo***uality’ was coined in the late 19th century by a German psychologist, Karoly Maria Benkert. Although the term is new, discussions about ***uality in general and same-*** attraction in particular, have occasioned philosophical discussion ranging from Plato's Symposium to contemporary queer theory. It is a manifesto of ***ual and emotional desire toward a member of one’s own *** or the erotic activity with a member of the same gender, to comprehend more objectively about homo***uality, two points should be laid attention to. The first is that it refers to one kind of relationship, second, it is a sense of love always chosen to describe hetero***uality existing between a man and a woman. (John F. Harvey, 2003)
There is no agreement among the scientific community, religious groups or homo***ual people themselves as to the definition of homo***uality.
Lawrence J. Hatterer, author of Changing Homo***uality in the Male, has given this definition: “One who is motivated, in adult life, by a definite preferential erotic attraction to members of the same *** and who usually, but not necessarily, engages in overt ***ual relations with them.” We’ve found this to be a good working definition, though a full explanation of the condition of homo***uality goes much deeper.
B. Causes of Homo***uality
Homoerotism is brought about by a multitude of root causes which are constituted of congenital and environmental causation.
Congenital causation indicates the causes that were inbred such as gender incretion variation and potentially heritable characteristics. However, environmental causation seems to be much more complicated: a disrupted family life in early years, a lack of unconditional love on the part of either parent, a failure to identify with the same-*** parent, leading to fears of the opposite ***, incest, or molestation, dominant mothers and weak fathers, demonic oppression. Later, these problems can result in a search for love and acceptance, envy of the same or the opposite ***, a life controlled by various fears and feelings of isolation. (Li Yinhe, 1998)
All of these may play a part in causing homo***uality, but no individual factor alone can cause it. Along with outside factors in a person’s life, his own personal choices have played a key role in forming and shaping his homo***ual identity, though few will admit this. (Li Yinhe, 1998)
C. Categories of Homo***uality
On basis of gender, female human who act homo***uality are called “Lesbian”, while the male group is provided with the expression “gay”, which is originally created to describe beauty and joy. Through considerations of purposes and approach of homo***uality act, there is unitary homo***uality, indicating those who are prone to maintain a steady-going homo***ual partnership with their companions for a certain long time, and then there is spiritual homo***uality, in which both participants keep the appetency of ***ual activity whereas they may refrain from idiographic behavior, due to fears or strong religious convictions.
II. Homo***uality in China
A. History of Development
Considerately searching, scientists find amount of evidence relating to homoerotism in the long-flowing history of China, formal or not, bringing us to the fact that the phenomenon had been planted in this society sin
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