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in The Old Man and the Sea. The old man, the sea, the marlin, the lions and so on and so forth, to a large degree has deep symbolic meanings respectively. I venture to say that the book is like a complex building built with unaccountable symbols. One can get different kinds of interpretations in accordance with a variety of points of views. And one also attains different kinds of symbols from several respects. In addition, by using symbolism Hemingway succeeded in reaching his goal of conveying the main theme of the story-courage is a way leading to success. In other words, a man can be destroyed but not be defeated. Both readers and critics give the works—The Old Man and the Sea so high comment just because of the artful and successful use of symbolism. The title is a symbol that the old man stands for the human beings and the sea symbolizes nature, the simple story could be eyed as a metaphor of a struggle between man and nature. Just as Hemingway once spoke highly of his artistic achievement in the great work that The Old Man and the Sea is the only best work during his lifelong literary creation．The work is also rewarded as the best magnum opus for symbolism. Notes ⑴ ①刁邵华，《海明威》第22页 ⑵ ②海明威，《老人与海》第18页 ⑶ ③海明威，《老人与海》第101页 ⑷ ④海明威，《老人与海》第101页 ⑸ ⑤刁邵华，《海明威》第35页 ⑹ ⑥海明威，《老人与海》第63页 ⑺ ⑦海明威，《老人与海》第49页 ⑻ ⑧刁邵华，《海明威》第32页 ⑼ ⑨刁邵华，《海明威》第16页 Bibliography [1] Baker, Carlos. Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story [M]. New York: Scribner, 1969. [2] Berman, Ronald. Fitzgerald-Wilson-Hemingway :Language and Experi-ence[M]. Tuscalo-osa: University of Alabama Press, 2003. [3] High, Peter B. An Outline of American Literature[M]. London: Longman, 1986. [4] Rossetti, Gina M.. Imagining the Primitive in Naturalist and Modernist Lliterature[M]. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2006. [5] Schopenhauer, Arthur. The World as Will and Representation[M].Dover: Dover Pubns, 1969. [6] Ernest Hemingway. The Old Man and the Sea [M]. Shang hai Yi Wen Press,2003. [7] Vernon, Alex. Soldiers once and still: Ernest Hemingway [M].Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2004. [8] Wylder, Delbert E. Hemingway’ heroes[M]. New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, 1969. [9] 常耀信.美国文学简史（第二版）[M].天津：南开大学出版社,2003年. [10] 刁邵华.海明威[M].辽宁人民出版社，1980年. [11] 杜隽. 海明威与存在主义[J]. 外国文学研究, 2000(4): 71-76. [12] 傅景春.美国20世纪小说史[M].吉林教育出版社，1996年. [13] 黄源生译.老人与海（双语版）[M].南京：译林出版社，2007年. [14] 刘心武主编.老人与海（导读版）[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司,2005年. [15] 苏顺强. 论海明威的虚无思想[J]. 外国文学研究, 2000(1): 131-135. [16] 于冬云. 硬汉神话与生命伦理口[J]. 外国文学评论, 2000(2): 44-51.