英语论文网

nd people’s value tends to be various. On the other hand, in the past, religion was once the spirit spiller of people’s minds, but now it is difficult to find a core value which can guide people’s behaviors. The war intensified the loss of people’s beliefs. Since human being lived on the earth, the wars broke out constantly. In order to pursue earthly materials, human being fought with each other. Finally the fittest survived and conquered the world. Then they thought they were strong enough that they could not be defeated. However, they could not escape from loneliness because of the loss of beliefs. The two world wars in the twentieth century were unprecedented disasters in human’s history. The First World War was in fact an imperialistic war which was on the purpose of robbing the energy resource and labor. The disequilibrium development between the developing countries and developed countries and between the imperialistic countries was the origin of the wars. Modern industrialization needed numerous energy resources, nature labor and capital. In order to satisfy this demand, the imperialists planned and launched the war under the mask of “glorious war”. However, the result of the war was despairing. On one hand, the war did not reach the purpose which people expected. The imperialistic countries did not gain much benefit from the war, but were fed up with the destruction of the war. On the other hand, after the WWI, in the western countries and the United States, people who survived from the frontiers found that they were cheated by the government, and the emotion of despair and suspicion quickly spread. The rootlessness of human being’s beliefs is embodied in two aspects, that is, lifestyle and spiritual state. As for lifestyle, some young people bravely rebelled against the traditional morality. They went to the illegal bars, played jazz and defied the law. The Money Worship and Hedonism were popular for a long time. As for spiritual state, people did not believe in anything. They seemed to lose the direction of the future. They felt that life was meaningless. Even if they led a life of rebellion and tried to escape from the reality, they found that they did not gain the happiness exactly. Instead, they felt lonely, despaired and depressed because of the loss of beliefs. At the same time, the panic resulted from the loss of beliefs was reflected in literature. A lot of works described the depression of the loss of beliefs after the war. It should be known that people can not lose the beliefs for a long time. They must choose some belief to guide their activities of remaking the world. Literature should give response to the questions: what is the world human being lives in; what is the meaning of human being’s existence. In the past, the popular answers to these questions were focused on the religion which held that human being was limited, uncompleted and worthless. But in modern literature, some writers suspected the absolute authority of religion and they tried to answer the questions from human being itself. They believed that man is nothing but what he made of himself. As an individual and active existence, each man should have the freedom of choice. A man becomes a man only when he thinks his own thoughts, lives his own life and keeps his own individuality. B. The Essence of Nada What is Nada? In the last part of the short story A Clean and Well-lighted Place, there is an evaluation about nada: “It was not fear or d