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ar’s development. Thereare three systems in this theory, namely Attitude, Engagement and Graduation. SinceAppraisal’s emergence, it has been widely applied to the discourse analysis, includinghistory discourse, Media discourse, academic discourse, advertisements, etc. However,a large part of the attention has been paid to the attitude system. Researches within theengagement framework are limited.

Chapter Two Literature Review

As mentioned in the introduction part, the main purpose of the present study is toapply the subsystem of Appraisal Theory to the analysis of Chinese and AmericanEnglish editorials. It is clear that editorials is the research object, thus in this chapter,a brief survey of editorials will be presented first, and then the studies on AppraisalTheory will be followed.

2.1 A Brief Survey of Editorials
This section mainly focuses on the definition and purpose of editorials and therelated studies on editorials both at home and abroad.

2.1.1 Definition and Purpose of Editorials
Editorials, a common genre in a newspaper, are familiar to and widely read bypeople. For many years, different scholars defined them from different perspectives.In the book Editorial Writing, Spencer (1924) defined editorials as “a presentation offact and opinion in concise, logical, pleasing order for the sake of entertaining, ofinfluencing opinion, or of interpreting significant news in such a way that itsimportance to the average reader will be clear.”While according to Stonecipher (1990), an editorial may be considered as ajournalistic essay that either attempts to inform or explain; to persuade or convince; orto stimulate insight in an entertaining or humorous manner.According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary (6thEdition), an editorial is an important article in a newspaper, that expresses the editor’sopinion about an item of news or an issue.The Chinese scholar Zhang Youyu (1981) argues that editorial is the commentthat explains, criticizes and shows attitudes towards the current events both at homeand abroad on the name of the newspaper’s position.

Chapter Three Theoretical Framework.......... 20-30
    3.1 Basic Concepts of Engagement.......... 20-22
    3.2 Heterogloss under Engagement.......... 22-30
        3.2.1 Dialogic Contraction.......... 22-27
            3.2.1.1 Disclaim: Deny and Counter ..........22-24
            3.2.1.2 Proclaim: Concur, Pronounce..........24-27
        3.2.2 Dialogic Expansion.......... 27-30
            3.2.2.1 Entertain ..........27-28
            3.2.2.2 Attribute: Acknowledge and Distance.......... 28-30
Chapter Four Methodology ..........30-33
    4.1 Research Questions ..........30-31
    4.2 Data Collection.......... 31
    4.3 Data Analysi.......... 31-33
Chapter Five Results and Discussions.......... 33-60
    5.1 Descriptive statistics of Heteroglossic Engagement..........33-40
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