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ns for cognitive motivationis Bernard Weiner's attribution theory (1974; 1976; 1980) which argues that learners'attribution is another important factor that influences their motivation. Thenattribution began to receive increasing attention in the foreign language learningmotivation research.

1.1.2 Fee-free Normal Students
In the May of 2007, in order to cultivate a large number of excellent teachers, toincrease the education quality in the countryside, to help some students who comefrom poor families to realize their dreams of becoming a teacher more easily and toencourage more outstanding young people to devote their whole life to the educationcause, the State Council of China decided to offer free education to students majoringin teaching at the normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education. Thesestudents are called “fee-free normal students” because they enjoy free tuition inuniversity education. Besides, they can receive 600 Yuan every month for their dailylife. In addition，the relative provincial educational administrative departments aresupposed to arrange teaching positions for fee-free normal students when theygraduate. That is to say, unlike the common college students, fee-free normal studentsdo not have to worry about their expenses at university, nor do they have to worryabout hunting for a job after their graduation.

Chapter 2 Theories of Attribution and Self-efficacy

This chapter presents a review of the theoretical and research literature on attributionand self-efficacy. Discussions of literature about attribution and self-efficacyrespectively are followed by a presentation of literature related to the correlationbetween them.

2.1 Definition of Attribution and Self-efficacy
According to Wikipedia (2010), the free encyclopedia on the internet, “Attribution isa concept in social psychology referring to how individuals explain causes of behaviorand events.” Fritz Heider (1958), who first proposed the attribution theory, thinks thatattribution is how people see the causes of behavior, and the explanations they makefor it. Weiner (1976) has defined attribution as the reasons individuals give for theirsuccesses and failures.According to Wikipedia (2011), self-efficacy, as a term used in psychology has beendefined as “the belief that one is capable of performing in a certain manner to attain acertain set of goals." Psychologist Albert Bandura has defined self-efficacy as“people's judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of actionrequired to attain designated types of performances" (1986:391).

2.2 Studies on Attribution
Attribution theory, which focuses on how people interpret the cause of an event andhow those beliefs affect their internal perception of themselves，was first proposed byFritz Heider in his book The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations which waspublished in 1958. Then it is further developed by other scholars such as BernardWeiner (1974) who pays special attention to how people explain their achievement.According to the attribution theory (Weiner, 1974)，there are three causal dimensionsof the factors to which people attribute their success or failure: Locus (whether thecause is internal or external), Stability (whether the cause is static or dynamic overtime), and Controllability (whether the cause can be controlled or not). For本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。