英语论文网

ing like that. Even if his surname were Zhao—which wasn t likely—he should have known better than to boast like that when there was a Mr. Zhao living in the village.
(4) [原文]谁知道这一晚,他很不容易合眼,他觉得自己的大拇指和第二指有点古怪:仿佛比平常滑腻些。不知道是小尼姑的脸上有一点滑腻的东西粘在他指上,还是他的指头在小尼姑脸上磨得滑腻了?
[译文] This evening, however, he found it very hard to close his eyes, being struck by something odd about his thumb and first finger, which seemed to be smoother than usual. It is impossible to say whether something soft and smooth on the young nun s face had stuck to his finger, or whether his fingers had been rubbed smooth against her cheek.
以上两例有一个共同特点,即在间接引语引导词之后,都有很长的引语内容,而随着引语离引导词越来越远,它受到的语境压力也越来越小,同时话语重心逐渐从叙述者向人物偏移,这也是汉语的一大特点。两例的译文都分离了较长的引语内容,并且采取了相似的转换策略,即在前半部分采用间接引语,但在后半部分则扔掉引导词,采用自由间接引语,将说话的主动权让给人物,比较充分地再现了原文的效果。
3. 自由间接引语及两可型引语的转换
《阿Q正传》中使用了10例自由间接引语,全部被转换成了相应的自由间接引语。由于自由间接引语摆脱了繁琐的引导句,叙述者可以十分自由地在自己的声音和人物的声音之间切换,所以非常适合用来表达讽刺、同情等态度,给叙事话语增添生趣。翻译成英语时,一般保留这种引语形式。
(5) [原文]他于是并排坐下去了。倘是别的闲人们,阿Q本不敢大意坐下去。但这王胡旁边,他有什么怕呢?老实说:他肯坐下去,简直还是抬举他。
[译文] So Ah Q sat down by his side. Had it been any other idler, Ah Q would never have dared sit down so casually; but what had he to fear by the side of Whiskers Wang? In fact, his willingness to sit down was doing the fellow an honour.
原文后半部分为典型的自由间接引语,叙述者在完成前半部分的叙述后,没有任何标志立即转入人物话语空间,将人物的心理和叙述者对他的描述即时对照,从而实现了讽刺的目的。如果在译文中加上“He thought”之类的引导句将它变成间接引语,原文传达的效果必将丧失殆尽。
前面已经谈到,两可型引语形式是汉语所独有的,在英语中很难找到对应的形式,这就要求译者必须考虑具体语言环境,根据叙述者和人物声音在该引语中的作用(以及英语的语言语境压力等),来决定其翻译策略。
《阿Q正传》中有两类两可型引语形式,一类是自由间接引语和自由直接引语的两可(共7例),另一类是自由直接引语和间接引语的两可(共11例)。英译本中,所有自由间接引语和自由直接引语的两可型引语都被处理成了自由间接引语。
(6) [原文]阿Q近来虽然比较地受人尊敬,自己也更高傲些,但和那些打惯的闲人们见面还胆怯,独有这回却非常武勇了。这样满脸胡子的东西,也敢出言无状么?
[译文] Altho