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论文作者:留学生论文论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2023-04-28编辑:vicky点击率:812
论文字数:46522论文编号:org202304182039454439语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 66
关键词:英语语法论文
摘要:将“现代美国英语中的需要和大胆经历了语法变异”这一假设验证为需要和大胆在其所有语法结构中的存在,并与从《历史美国英语语料库》和《当代美国英语语料库中提取的频率数据进行了比较和分析。通过比较need和dare作为主动词、语气助词和混合结构的频率数据,发现随着need逐渐去辅助化,dare在形态句法中变得越来越自主,need和dare在MOE中经历了相反的语法化过程。
4.1 Diachronic analysis of need and dare
“How need and dare have grammaticalized” equals to how the grammatical elements, which compose the paradigmatic use of them, vary in time. Therefore, this section specifies the historical trends in need and dare’s morpho-syntactical and semantic-pragmatic properties.
As stated in chapter 3, to avoid major statistical deviations, the data from 1810 to 1850 in COHA is removed because there is a lack of newspaper discourse in COHA for this period. In this light, Figure 4.1 displays an overall comparison between need and dare regarding their standard frequency data in COHA from 1860 to 2010 of their verbal use, which forms a primary representation of the grammaticalization process of need and dare in modern English.
Chapter 5 Conclusion
5.1 Major findings
The hypothesis that “need and dare in modern American English have undergone grammatical variation” is verified as need and dare in all their grammatical constructions are compared and analyzed with frequency data extracted from Corpus of Historical American English and Corpus of Contemporary American English. By comparing the frequency data of need and dare as a main verb, modal auxiliary, and a blend construction, it is found that need and dare have undergone the opposite process of grammaticalization in MOE as need gets gradually de-auxiliarized and dare becomes increasingly more autonomous in morpho-syntax.
The major findings of this study are composed of three parts with each the answer to the three research questions of this study.
Question 1: Does the diachronic variation (COHA) of the two semi-modals need and dare conform to the major definition of grammaticalization? If not, what are the differences?
According the classical definition of grammaticalization, for example in Lehmann (1995: 149) and Himmelmann (2004: 31), language variation is predictable as lexical items gradually evolves into grammatical items and less grammatical items become more grammatical. However, the diachronic variation of need and dare these two semi-modals together feature a counter-example to this predicted path for grammatical variation, as need in recent variation shows a sign of discarding its auxiliary functions as modal verb and dare tend to gain more syntactical autonomy in denoting modality.
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