英语论文网

al ways. For one，both writer end reader tend to regard it differently. The poet's attitude is as if，sticking his neck out，he were to his say： I offer this piece of writing to be read not as prose but as a poem-this is，more perceptively，thoughtfully，and considerably，with more attention to sounds and connotations. This is a great deal to expect，but in return，the reader has a right to his own experiences. He approaches the poem in the anticipation of out-of-the ordinary knowledge and pleasure. 第一个句子是一个概括句，提出诗歌与散文存在差异。后面的第一、二、三句分别从不同的侧面进行论述的具体的差异。语篇模式的分析和教学，使学生能够发现和理解语段和语段之间联系的内在规律，但是他们在具体的写作任务中依然存在一些问题。因此在教学中，对学生作文进行分析，使他们及时地发现并纠正这些问题，才能使学生的作文能力得以提高。（要求学生完成这一命题作文，然后集体讲解和改写） 例如［8.a］（引自学生作文：Smoking Helps Thinking？）： ［8.a］Some people make sure that smoking can help them think problems and then handle them. Because sometime maybe something is an obstacle to go on solving problems. By smoking，it can excite their thought and nerve， which make them full of energy. In my opinion，smoking can't help thinking. It may disorder attention. It says that don't divide the heart to use. Moreover，smoking has much bad and serious defect. For example，it harms health and effect the progress of thinking. Can it help thinking？ Some famous experts think it uncertain. However，they have done experiments to prove it. 改写后的学生作文： ［8.b］Some people smoke habitually while writing，reading or doing something else. Even being confronted with objections，they still keep and often defend themselves by claiming smoking helps thinking. They say smoking excite them when they are tired， inspire them when they are thinking. However，it is not true. Till now，there is no solid evidence to support it. The person concentrates on what he is doing，he is unnecessary to be excited. Sometimes smoking is a distraction for him. In addition，smoking harms physical health of both the smoker and the non-smoker around.It is said that smoking contributes too many of serious diseases such as lung cancer， throat cancer and so on. In a word，smoking does not help thinking，while it does spoil your health. 在［8.a］学生所写的语段中，从整个结构来看，虽然有一个主张－反主张模式的雏形，但是两个部分的划分和语篇结构的安排还不是特别明晰，主位变化多样，语义跳跃，不符合英语语篇的发展规律。而且对于两个主题（主张）的论述也很泛泛，所以缺乏说服力，在改写后的［8.b］中，应用了主张－反主张语篇发展模式。主张、反主张的提出明白，直接了当。同时还注意了主位－述位的推进顺序的安排。使得句与句之间的衔接合理，通顺，段与段之间的过度很流畅，有章可循，语义表达自然、连贯。 通过语篇模式的分析和教学，学生发现和理解语段和语段之间联系的内在规律，之后能掌握规律，并且有意识地在规律的指导之下，依照一定的线索来发展语篇，可以纠正学生语篇结构混乱，段落过渡不当或不自然，层次杂乱无序，叙述无章可循，文章缺乏整体性的问题。 　　参考文献 ［1］程晓堂.从主位结构看英语作文的衔接与连贯［J］.山东师大外国语学院学报，2006，（2）. ［2］程晓堂.基于语篇的教学途径［J］.国外外语教学，2005，（1）. ［3］方丽.“主位推进程序”与中国学生的英语语篇思维模式［J］.四川外国语学院学报，2005，（11）. ［4］张德禄，刘汝山.语篇连贯与衔接理论的发展与应用［M］.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2006. ［5］刘辰诞.教学篇章语言学［M］.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2005.