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现得更为突出。例如:(12)Mr. Li often quarrels with his lover at home. (cf.husband)———英语中“lover”指“情人”,汉语中“爱人”指“丈夫”或“妻子”,此现象属于概念意义不对应。(13) After graduation,he wants to be a politician.(cf.statesman)———英语中“politician”指“政客”,带有贬义,汉语中“政治家”带有褒义,此现象属于内涵意义不对应。(14) Would you please pass me a cup of thick tea.(cf.strong)———本例中所体现出来的英汉思维方式的不同决定了英汉词语的不同搭配方式,此现象属于搭配意义不对应。

(二)写作时应力求用词准确、言简意赅、形象具体[10]首先,修辞是适于某种语境和出于某种目的所做的选择,离开了语境就难以确定某种表达方式是否符合修辞要求,如set一词在the literary set (爱好文学的一伙人)和thesmart set (追求时尚的一批阔人)中的使用,这里set的意思是指经常来往,意气相投的一个群体,不能用group,class和crowd等词替代。其次,选词时应突出主干,避免拐弯抹角,力求简洁,如压缩单词而不改变原意,见下例:(15)Mr.Zhang prefers wines produced in Sichuan.(张先生喜欢喝四川产的酒。)而不说Mr.Zhang likes to drink kindsof wines that are produced in Sichuan.最后,选用含义具体的词汇可以增强语言的表达效果,如描述一个美丽的公园,不能仅用beautiful来概括,用下例选用具体的词语加上一些形容词就能更加生动的描述公园的美丽。(16) With streams and ponds shaded by windows andbamboos, and small cottages behind piles of rocks, the park is cool when it is hot summer outside.

 

四、英汉语篇衔接曾有学者对中国留美学生的英语作文进行过调查研究,结果显示,他们的作文在句法结构上的问题不大,但是普遍存在缺乏衔接手段和重点不突出的现象,可见英汉语篇衔接的对比分析对于英语写作也是很重要的[5]。笔者拟从以下两个方面进行阐述:

(一)忽视照应、省略和替代前文中已经提到,英语注重形式上的衔接,而汉语注重语义和逻辑上的连贯,由于受到母语负迁移的影响,中国学生在英语写作中容易忽视语言的衔接手段,尤其是英语中的照应(reference)、省略(ellipsis)和替代(substitution)。

例如:(17)I like basketball best. It can relax me after a wholeday’s work. When you come to the field, you must keep onrunning and it keeps pulse rate up to 100 beats per minute.When you play, you need lots of calories and one’s weight istaken off while burning of calories. Thus basketball is myfavorite. (cf. I like basketball best. It can relax me after awhole day’s work. When I come to the field, I must keep onrunning and it keeps pulse rate up to 100 beats per minute.When I play, I need lot本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。