摘要:公共物品的市场供给提高了经济效率,扩展了消费者的福利,有效地解决政府投资不足的矛盾,减轻了政府负担,分担了政府投资公共物品的风险,私人投资者或者承包商在市场化供给中也受益颇多。当这些私人企业或者投资者涉足那些即具有高经济回报又有高技术可行性的领域,他们既是公共工程项目的投资者、设计者和设备的供应者,又是项目的主办者和生产者,同时还负责项目的运营和管理。
s , the private sector is usually paid to the government . ,
Franchising can be divided into an exclusive license , non-exclusive license and mixed chartered three ways. Exclusive license means that the government will give a private monopoly privilege , it in specific areas to provide specific items , usually in government agencies under price controls . Field licensing is another term for this arrangement . Non- exclusive franchise or mixed type also exist , the taxi industry is an example of it in varying degrees to allow the existence of competition . In franchising , the producer and arranger is separated, is arranged by the government , private organizations are producers.
Franchise forms are the following : operation and maintenance outsourcing or leasing, cooperative organizations , lease - construction - operation and construction - transfer - operate , build - operate - transfer, peripheral construction , purchase - construction - operation and construction - have - ventures.
Franchising is the role of the government advantages and avoid disadvantages of an effective way. It avoids the natural monopoly industries vicious competition problems that may occur can prevent low-quality high-priced consumer behavior and other hazards occur ; it by attracting private capital to supplement the lack of official capital market mechanism to play advantage. In the feature operations , the Government of the quantity and price of public goods provision can be made , but guaranteed to have access to private capital profit opportunities . Throughout the process of risk sharing by the government and the private sector . When the end of the concession period , the private sector, according to the agreed infrastructure handed over to the government departments, designated by the government transferred the operation and management departments . Thus, on the one hand , to maintain the market mechanism to play a role . Most of the economic behavior of the project are in the market for the government to tender to determine the project 's approach is in itself contains a mechanism of competition . As a reliable market is the main private sector actors concession , the concession period for the construction projects have complete ownership . Thus, the commitments of the private sector in the project implementation process behavior is entirely consistent with economic man hypo
thesis . On the other hand , the government can intervene in the economy well , that is, through the private sector and related agreements reached . Despite the implementation of the agreement by the project company responsible for all , but the government has consistently control over the project . In the project , the tender , three stages of the negotiations , the government 's willingness to play a decisive role . In compliance phase , the government also has the power of supervision and inspection , project development operations are also subject to government price constraints .
User fees is the market supply of public goods third major way. It refers to families, businesses and other private sector in the actual consumption of services and facilities provided by the Government , the fees paid to the government . Pay depends on the actual amount of service consumption , consumption does not pay to spend more pay more . , Since the increasing demand for public goods resulting fiscal burden , the phenomenon and the nee
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