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le in outlets other than pharmacies like drug store or even in supermarket. The Netherlands pharmaceutical policy offers incentive for pharmacists to substitute branded name with generic name, therefore generic market is highly competitive as the consequences of the substitution policy. This also result strong relationship between insurers and pharmacies. In this case, Insurers are allowed to enter preferred arrangements with pharmacists. Consequently, the prices paid by insurers can be controlled while the pharmacists are compensated with higher volume of business. (Mossialos and Oliver 2005).

Role of Community Pharmacist

In the Netherlands, Pharmaceutical care is better known as 'Pharmaceutical Patient Care'. KNMP describes 'Pharmaceutical patient care is the provision of care by the pharmacy team, directed towards the individual patient, in relation to pharmacotherapy, with the objective of increasing the quality of life of the patient involved' (Boysen 2004).

A study argued that Dutch patients are protected from drug related problems because usually they visit the same pharmacy and that makes the pharmacy develops automated medication surveillance and high quality counseling (J. F. Mil 2005). Therefore, we may assume that Dutch community pharmacist may reflect pharmaceutical care concept in daily activities, although in a different extent. Community pharmacists are also involved in the reporting of adverse drug reactions (Grootheest, Olsson, Couper, & Van den Berg, 2003), post marketing surveillance of the drugs such as determining potential drug-drug interaction (Grootheest & Van den Berg, 2005, Becker, et al. 2007), patient education (Pronk, Blom, Jonkers, & Bakker, 2002) and even drug utilization studies (Mil, Schulz, & Tromp, 2004).

What is so special from the practice of community pharmacists in Netherlands is that they are involved in a pharmacotherapeutic forum (Farmaco Therapeutisch Overleg, FTO) that involves general practitioners (GP's) and community pharmacists. Currently, there are approximately 800 forums that meet six to eight times in a year to reach agreement on pharmaceutical care in their locality. This forum is implanted in the national structure of the National Association of GPs, the District GP Association and the KNMP. This forum is not exclusively performed by general practitioners and community pharmacists only, but also medical specialists and hospital pharmacists are encouraged to join the forum. In its report, KNMP stated that 'the FTO's aim to improve good pharmacotherapy by using the knowledge and expertise of the GP and pharmacist working in the community, sharing information and education concerning new products, and making agreement on the prescription behavior such as discussing the drug choice or the amount of drug/dosages prescribed, discussing prescribing pattern, evaluating effects of the prescribing interventions etc' (Visser 2001).

Since the introduction of the Netherlands Dispensing Chemist Standards in 1996 by the KNMP, guidelines have been formulated with respect to the delivery of patient focused care. In addition, the scientific organization of the professional pharmacist organization (WINAP) declared that pharmace本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。