国际金融货币研究论文 [4]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:本科毕业论文 Thesis登出时间:2014-09-20编辑:yangcheng点击率:14872
论文字数:4138论文编号:org201409182333215293语种:英语 English地区:爱尔兰价格:免费论文
关键词:控制经济学论文雷顿森林体系国际货币Economics EssayFinancial Flow Control汇率变动
摘要:本文是一篇回顾金融流量控制经济学论文,自从布雷顿森林体系的崩溃以及随后短暂的自由浮动汇率尝试后,国际货币安排一直是以各种各样的中间汇率制度为特色的。尽管存在大量关注汇率系统的投机性攻击管理的脆弱性的分析文学,汇率危机的实证研究很少。令人惊讶的是,实证研究的不足最明显的原因是在国际货币市场,可以用来描述的条件缺乏公认的汇总统计。
he exchanges rate,. When, the policy authority allows the exchange rate to float freely and no change in domestic money supply. Under a system of perfectly fixed exchange rates, the policy authority uses direct exchange market intervention to hold the exchange rate constant and . Value of that fall between 0 and ∞ are characteristic of intermediate intervention policies. Negative values of are associated with intervention activities that generate changes in the exchange rate that are either of the opposite sign or, if of the same sign, larger than the changes that would have occurred under a pure float.
Substituting Eq. (2.14) and Eq. (2.15) into Eq. (2.13) reveals that the demand for money in this economy is determined by:
Eq. (2.18)
Under the assumption that the money market clears continuously, for all t. Using this assumption together with Eq. (2.16), Eq. (2.17) and Eq. (2.18) allows money market equilibrium to be expressed in deviation form as:
Eq. (2.19)
Eq. (2.19) show that the magnitude of exchange rate change needed to restore money market equilibrium subsequent to an exogenous disturbance depends on the policy authority’s choice of. In this model, the possible sources of exogenous disturbances to the economy are: changes in the foreign price level , changes in the level of domestic output , changes in the foreign interest rate level , changes in domestic credit and the random money demand shock .
Eq. (2.19) indicates that the change in the value of exchange rate in small open economy is given by:
Eq. (2.20)
where
The term inside the parentheses is the excess demand of money that is generated by the combination of exogenous disturbances that occur in period t and also by the agent’s expectations about exchange rate changes. Eq. (2.20) indicates that the policy authority’s choice of and the structural parameters and jointly determine the magnitude of equilibrating exchange rate changes that are observed. When , and indicating policy authority has chosen to hold the exchange rate fixed using some combination of direct and indirect intervention. The policy authority refrains from all exchange market intervention when and . In this case any existing excess demand for domestic money is eliminated by private market forces and . When , is the same sign but greater than the exchange rate change that would have been observed in the absence of intervention by the policy authority. For , the observed exchange rate change, , and the change in exchange rate that would have been observed in the absence of intervention are of the opposite sign.
Weymark define exchange market pressure as the measurement of total excess demand for a currency in international markets as the exchange rate change that would have been required to remove this excess demand in the absence of exchange market intervention, given the expectations generated by the exchange rate policy actually implemented.
The exchange market pressure formula that is consistent with the model employed can be obtained from Eq. (2.20) can be expressed as:
Eq. (2.21)
The elasticity converts observed reserve changes into equivalent exchange rate units. In order for this conversion to be accomplished without altering the underlying size of the excess demand associated with the components of and the ac
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