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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:本科毕业论文 Thesis登出时间:2015-03-15编辑:Cinderella点击率:21754
论文字数:6880论文编号:org201503132219428341语种:英语 English地区:加拿大价格:免费论文
关键词:international marketbusiness跨国企业全球贸易Culture
摘要:本文认为,企业发展环境中的政治、宗教、经济等因素都是可见的,而文化因素却通常是隐藏式的,容易被管理者忽视。作者探讨了全球化进程下,文化对企业跨国发展的重要影响作用。
Manners and customs: understanding manners and customers is especially important in negotiations, because interpretations based on one's own frame of reference may lead to a totally incorrect conclusion. To negotiate affectively abroad, all types of communication should be read correctly. For example, gift giving is one area where preparation and sensitivity are called for. (Czinkota et all 2009: 65).
Material elements: material culture refers to the results of technology and is directly related to how a society organizes its economic activity. Many US exporters do not understand the degree to which Americans are package conscious; for example, cans must be shiny and beautiful. (Czinkota et all 2009: 67)
Aesthetics: each culture makes a clear statement concerning good taste, as expressed in the arts and in the particular symbolism of colours, form and music. What is and what is not acceptable may vary dramatically even in otherwise highly similar markets. In Spain, for example, sex is a big selling point while Japanese in order to preserve the purity of their women use foreign models to make the point in provocative adverts. (Czinkota et all 2009:67). ESEMPIO PUBLICITA PROVOCATIVA IN SPAGNA
Education: education levels effect various business functions. For example, a high level of illiteracy suggests the use of visual aids rather than printed manuals. (Czinkota et all 2009: 68). In Lanzarote the labels of many products are written in Castellano, English and French to adapt to the mix of nationalities population … of the island. (COME FACCIO LA REFERENZA?)
Social institutions: It affects the way people relate to each other. The family unit, which in Western industrialized countries consists of parents and children, is extended in a number of cultures to include grandparents and other relatives. This affects consumption patterns and must be taken into account, for example when conducting market research. social organization also determine the roles of managers and subordinates and how they relate to one another. In some cultures, managers and subordinates are separated explicitly and implicitly by various boundaries ranging from social class differences to separate office facilities. (Czinkota et all 2009: 68)
Controllato Fino A Qua
Spanish Culture
This chapter analyses the main characteristics of Spanish culture paying particular attention at本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。