A Philosophical Approach 5th ed. (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1979), pp. 222-227; and Gary Becker, The
Economics of Discrimination (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971).
(2) See Anthony Downs, An Economic Analysis of Democracy (New York: Harper & Row, 1957); Gordon Tullock, Toward a Mathematics of Politics (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1967).
(3) See Robert B. Reich, The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st Century Capitalism (New York: Random House, 1992).
(4) Friedman, 'The Responsibility of Business,' Donaldson and Werhane, p. 226.
(5) See David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. with an Analytical Index by L. A. Selby-Bigge (Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1888), p. 605.
(6) Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ed. Edwin Cannan, with an Introduction by Max Lerner (New York: The Modern Library, 1937), p. 14.
(7) See John J. McCall, 'Participation in Employment,' in Joseph R. Desjardins and John J. McCall, eds., Contemporary Issues in Business Ethics (Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1990), pp. 165-73; Michael Maccoby and Katherine A. Terzi, 'What Happened to the Work Ethic?' in A. R. Gini and T. J. Sullivan, eds., It Comes With the Territory: An Inquiry Concerning Work and the Person (New York: Random House, 1989), pp. 65-77; and Edward S. Greenberg, 'The Consequences of Worker Participation: A Clarification of the Theoretical Literature,' Social Science Quarterly 56(September 1975): 191-209.
(8) See Patricia H. Werhane, Adam Smith and His Legacy for Modern Capitalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991); also see Joseph Cropsey, 'Adam Smith,' in Leo Strauss and Joseph Cropsey, eds., History of Political
Philosophy (Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1961), pp. 549-572.
(9) Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, D.D. Raphael and A. L. Macfie, eds. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976), VI. ii. 3.3; quoted in Bill Shaw, 'Sources of Virtue: The Market and the Community,' Business Ethics Quarterly 7:1(1997): 40. Typical of much classical liberal thought, this quote sets out the false dichotomy between acting in one's own interest and in another's by denying one's own. There is no suggestion of the third option: action in the interest of all.
(10) Hume holds that advances in the arts, sciences, and business not only make people more interdependent, they also make people more aware of, interested in, and involved with one another's activities. Actions taken for one's own welfare expand to include actions for others' sake. These characteristics of interest in the pursuits of citizens and concern for their welfare also come to mark the government. For in a progressive community, all endeavors and institutions respond to the feeling for humanity arising in each citizen. Hume writes, 'The spirit of the age affects all the arts; and the minds of men, being once roused from their lethargy, and put into a fermentation, turn themselves on all sides, and carry improvements into every art and science.' And he concludes of these improvements, 'They diffuse their beneficial influence on the public, and render the government as great and flourishing as they make individuals happy and prosperous.' David Hume, 'On Refinement in the Arts,' in David Hume's Writings on Economics, ed., with an Introduction
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