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ients were measured between the QES and the CPS had a difference of 70 percent, namely QES's coefficient was estimated at 0.0037 and 0.0032 and the coefficients of the CPS were estimated at 0.0052 and 0.0051 (ibid: 270).

 

The difference of 70 percent is caused due to the 40 percent difference in average to wage. Pay for QES was $ 6.31 and pay for the CPS was $ 4.18, where both men and women were combined together. To estimate the value of life must mean to wages and the estimated coefficient multiplied together. He used data from 1980-1984 to estimate the value of life (ibid: 270).

 

John Garen (1988)

 

In a very important paper written by John Garen (1988), he examines various causes in a wage-risk relationship and the effect of endogeneity of job risk. Based on a previous attempt by Viscusi (1978) points out that the agar is in this context, there is a wealth effect and because the security is good, people with better economy choose jobs that are safer. This theory suggests that there must be correlation between the choice of job and disorders that affect wage setting (John Garen 1988: 9). This means that risk is a type of personality (endogenous) and that the worker knows that by getting much higher payment, he will also have a higher probability of risk in this job.

 

Garen (1988) in this issue focused its approach to examine different aspects between wage and risk relationship. Or almost saw the endogenous effects of risky jobs (ibid: 9). He claims that in the earlier paper, using ordinary least squares (OLS), potential bias caused by wage equations and a simultaneous equation technique is the right one (ibid: 9).

 

He points out that there may possibly exist unobserved heterogeneity that affects the wage premium for the hazardous and risky jobs than just the level of wages. Based on these ideas Garen (1988) have brought a new model to estimate the wage differentials for dangerous work which allows the endogeneity of job risk (ibid: 9).

 

He describes his model as follows:

 

An individual i can choose between different jobs with different probabilities of fatal and non fatal injuries. He calls the wage individual receives, representing the fatal injury and representing the non fatal injuries. And he calls for the relationship between y and q and r. Later he assumes that the wage equation is a standard semi-logarithmic which is:

 

Where is the other determinant of income. The unique term in this model is the endogenous variables. As , and , which he calls the heterogeneity that is observed among individuals. He describes the new variables in this equation as, where is the effect of the non observed that affects with no respect to and , 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。