摘要:本文是一篇留学生本地发展观的Economics Essay,在这一章中,根据文献确定地方发展的概念;中列出了经济增长模式,这是由区域和地方发展的经济模式进行了比较分析。本章将介绍欧洲联盟和罗马尼亚实施的最新方法在当地的发展。
firm-level surveys. One of the great challenges is to develop indicators and methodologies for the analysis of the impact of technology on productivity and economic growth.
Human capital indicators, particularly those relating to education and employment, are central measures for the knowledge-based economy.
To study the evolutions of knowledge economy we can use the Harrold-Domar [20] model. The model implies that economic growth depends on policies which are meant to increase investment, by increasing savings and using that investment more efficiently through use intelligent solution and technological advances.
Let Y represent output, which equals income, and let K equal the capital stock. S is total saving, s is the savings rate, and I is investment. δ stands for the rate of depreciation of the capital stock. The Harrod-Domar [20] model makes the following a priori assumptions:
1: Output is a function of capital stock
2: The marginal product of capital is constant, the production function exhibits constant returns to scale
3: Since the marginal product of capital is constant, it equals the constant ratio Y/K
4: The product of the savings rate and output equals saving, which equals investment
5: The change in the capital stock equals investment less the depreciation of the capital stock
Derivation of output growth rate:
If the marginal product is constant:
The marginal product of capital is constant:
In summation, the savings rate times the marginal product of capital minus the depreciation rate equals the output growth rate. So, the means to achieve growth in the Harrod-Domar model is that 'increasing the savings rate and the marginal product of capital, or decreasing the depreciation rate will increase the growth rate of output' [73]. We can say that the economic growth depends on policies to increase investment, by increasing saving, and using those investments more efficiently through use intelligent solution and technological advances.
The economy growth depends on investment and using that investment more efficiently through the use of intelligent systems.
Cities have become the principal points of these components as major consumers and distributors of goods and services. In our years, many cities tend to be large consumers of goods and services, while draining resources out of external regions they depend on. As a result of increasing consumption of resources and growing dependencies on trade, the ecological impact of cities extends beyond their geographic locations [72].
At the beginning we must to draw attention that nearly 15 petabytes of data are created every day - eight times more than the information contained in all libraries in the U.S. combined [42]. Therefore it can be considered that, for any industry, it can be a daunting task to work with massive amounts of data, information retrieval and transformation. To achieve real progress in any economic field of a city, we need efficient use of existing infrastructure and experience and good knowledge of economic matters.
In the twenty-first century, accentuate the Executive Director from IBM India [74] 'the growth, economic value and competitive differentiation of cities will be increasingly derived from people and their skills, creati
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