有关巴基斯坦经济论文怎么写
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:学期论文 termpaper登出时间:2014-10-14编辑:yangcheng点击率:13777
论文字数:5066论文编号:org201409221245172131语种:英语 English地区:瑞典价格:免费论文
关键词:Telecommunication电信部门巴基斯坦经济电信服务Pakistans Economy
摘要:本文是一篇分析巴基斯坦电信经济产业的论文,随着技术的进步,有越来越多的电信服务可以选择,但T T公司没有足够的资金为提供现代服务业来安装新的电信系统。因此,数码服务成为了用于巴基斯坦,并使其落后于其邻国和使用电信服务的其他类似国家的一条分水岭。
电信部门与巴基斯坦经济
引言
自巴基斯坦独立以来,基本电信服务都是由一个垄断者提供的,以前称为电话电报部门(T&T)。这个部门正在由政府运营,并且扮演了这个国家的多个角色:政策制定者、运营商和服务提供商。T T部门后来被转化成一个公司。尽管从这项服务中公司获得了巨大的利润,但是它又将相同的利润投资到了提供更多电信服务的部门,而这投资是不够的。
此外,随着技术的进步,有越来越多的电信服务可以选择,但T T公司没有足够的资金为提供现代服务业来安装新的电信系统。因此,数码服务成为了用于巴基斯坦,并使其落后于其邻国和使用电信服务的其他类似国家的一条分水岭。90年代巴基斯坦开始使用蜂窝移动服务,巴基斯坦授予了巴科泰尔和PakCom(Instaphone)这当两个蜂窝移动电话公司提供蜂窝移动电话。目前在市场上有六个蜂窝移动公司。
The Telecommunication Sector And Pakistans Economy
Economics Essay
Introduction
Since the independence of Pakistan, basic telecom services were being provided by a monopolist, previously called as Telephone and Telegraph department (T&T). The department was being run by the government and played multiple roles as regulator, policy maker, operator and service provider in the country. The T& T department was later converted into a corporation. Although the corporation was earning huge profits from the services, it was re-investing the same profits into the sector for the provision of more telecom service but the investment was not enough.
Further, with the technological advancement, more and more telecom services were becoming available but there was not enough money available with the corporation to install new telecom systems for the provision of modern services. Resultantly, a digital divide prevailed in Pakistan keeping it behind its neighbors and other comparable countries in terms of telecom access. Cellular mobile services in Pakistan commenced in 90s when two cellular mobile telephone licenses were awarded to Paktel and PakCom (Instaphone) for provision of cellular mobile telephony in Pakistan. Currently there are six cellular players in the market. The Telecom Sector has contributed 2 percent towards the overall GDP growth with revenues of over PKR 235bn.
Pakistan Economy
In fiscal year 2008-09, Pakistan’s economy passed through a critical juncture of domestic volatile security situation and global financial crisis had adversely affected the macro economic conditions. The growth trend slowed down during the year, as the overall economic growth had been reported to be 2 percent, as against the target of 5.5 percent. This deceleration was mainly attributed to the poor performance of large scale manufacturing sector, growing negatively at 7.7 percent. However, a rebound in agriculture sector on the back of a bumper wheat crop helped maintaining the positive growth in the reported year.
On macroeconomic front, the inflation continued to surge reaching at 20.8% in 2008-09 compared to 12% in 2007-08. The per capita real income rose by 0.3% in 2008-09, from US$ 1,042 in 2007-08 to US$ 1,046 in 2008-09. Global credit crunch resulted into shrinking of overseas demand and resultantly the country's exports contracted by nearly 5.9%, decreasing from US$ 20.4 billion in 2007-08 to US$ 19.2 billion in 2008-09. The imports declined by 10.4% in 2008-09, standing at US$ 31.7 billion as against US$ 35.5 billion in 2007- 08. Lower imports during 2008-09 resulted into substantial fall in the reserves of oil & food items. The FBR [Federal Board of Revenue] failed to achieve tax revenue collection target of 10% of the GDP to 8.8%. Foreign Direct Investment [FDI] declined by 31.2% falling from US$ 5,410 millio
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