英语论文网

Air conditioning 汽车空调
Part 5: Servicing and the law 服务与准则
You cannot now service or repair vehicle air conditioning systems unless you have proved your competence to do so –it’s the law. Proving competence can be done through the IMI’s F Gas ATA qualification ‘Automotive Technician Accreditation – Air Conditioning Refrigerant Handler’. This process involves proving your theoretical knowledge - technical and non-technical - and also your practical ability.
你现在还不能服务或维修汽车空车系统，本论文由英语论文网 www.51lunwen.org整理提供除非你已经证明自己拥有这个能力。---- 这是行业准则。证明自己能力的途径是获得IMI的F Gas ATA资格证书《汽车技师鉴定：空调制冷维修师》。这一过程包括证明你拥有理论知识，无论是技术的或非技术的知识，同样还有你的实践能力。
In this article we are focusing on the non-technical theoretical knowledge needed; the technical aspects of these systems have been covered in previous articles within this series.
这篇文章主要集中在需要的非技术理论知识上，这些系统的技术方面已经在这一系列文章的前几篇中有所介绍。
It’s been established that both R12 and R134a refrigerant gases contribute to global warming. That is why, since 1991, it has been illegal to deliberately release them into the atmosphere. (Refer to section 33/34 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 EPA)
现在已经证实，R12和R134a气态制冷剂都是造成全球变暖的因素之一。这就是为什么自1991年来规定蓄意将它们释放到空气中是非法的。（可参照EPA1990年环境保护条例33/34条）
MAC Directive MAC 指导说明
The MAC Directive (EC Directive 2006/40/EC) refers to the phasing out of HFC 134a in new vehicles from 2011 and a replacement gas with a maximum global warming potential (GWP) 150 will be introduced.
MAC 指导说明（EC 指导说明 2006/40/EC）是指自2011年起出产的新车中HFC134a要禁止使用，另一种气态制冷剂将其取而代之，它的最高全球变暖潜能（英文简称GWP）是150。
GWP is a number attached to a gas and is measured in relation to CO2. If a gas has a global warming potential of 1, it has the same potential to contribute to global warming as CO2. If a gas has a global warming potential of 2, that means its potential is twice that of CO2.
GWP是测量气体的数字，是根据CO2来衡量的。如果一种气体的全球变暖潜能为1，那么它就有和CO2同样的潜能造成全球变暖。如果一种气体的全球变暖潜能为2，那么它的潜能就是CO2的两倍。
The directive states that maximum limits on leakage from MAC systems in new vehicles will be set. Vehicle type approval will not be granted to vehicles fitted with an air conditioning system designed to contain R134a unless the leakage rate is 40g for a single evaporator and 60g for a double evaporator over a 12 month period.
指导书规定了新车中MAC系统中的泄漏最高限量。汽车种类许可将不会颁发给下列车辆，即安装的汽车空调系统是使用R134a制冷剂的车辆。除非泄漏量是，以12个月为单位时间，单效蒸发器为40克/12月，双效蒸发器为60克/12月。
Abnormal leaks must be repaired before systems are refilled. 系统重新补料前，必修修好非正常泄漏。
R12 R12
The use of R12 is banned in the UK and it’s illegal to service any vehicle system containing this gas. An R12 vehicle will usually be fitted with screw type service unions as opposed to the quick release unions found on R134a systems. Vehicles containing R12 must have their gas recovered by approved companies and the system changed/retrofitted to accommodate (usually) R134a.
R12的使用在英国是禁止的，所以用这种气体服务任何车辆系统时非法的。一个R12车辆通常会配有螺旋式维修接头，不同于R134a系统中的快放接头。装有R12的车辆必须回收它们的气体，这个过程需要由认证的公司去做。系统需要改变或改装成装载R134a的系统，通常情况下是R134a型制冷剂。

Disposable cylinders 一次性储气瓶
Disposable R134a containers have been banned as of 4th July 2007. When the distributors’ stocks have been exhausted, you will only be able to use a refillable vessel much like the gas available from petrol station forecourts.
一次性R134a容器已经在2007年7月4日开始被禁用。当分销商库存已经没有的时候，你只能使用一个可再装瓶子，它看上去很像汽车加油站工作区的那些气罐。
If refilling a refrigerant vessel, only fill to around 75% capacity to ensure enough space is left to compensate for materia