美国经济学论文
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-08-29编辑:yangcheng点击率:20009
论文字数:5981论文编号:org201408252319303927语种:英语 English地区:日本价格:免费论文
关键词:进口代替时代外国直接投资经济学论文economics essay
摘要:在本文中,我们主要关注了外国直接投资,并且认为,,巴西和印度两国的外国直接投资政策的对比可以追溯到19世纪,那时的各自的殖民地或半殖民地经验的差异。通过我们对巴西和印度的外国直接投资的比较分析,说明了历史和制度认知的重要性,这有助于理解每个社会感知外国投资在他们的社会中所扮演的角色的方式。通过这样的行为,我们得到了一种关于这些国家对外国投资采取不同的态度和政策原因的理解。
美国经济学论文
在本文中,我们主要关注了外国直接投资,并且认为,,巴西和印度两国的外国直接投资政策的对比可以追溯到19世纪,那时的各自的殖民地或半殖民地经验的差异。通过我们对巴西和印度的外国直接投资的比较分析,说明了历史和制度认知的重要性,这有助于理解每个社会感知外国投资在他们的社会中所扮演的角色的方式。通过这样的行为,我们得到了一种关于这些国家对外国投资采取不同的态度和政策原因的理解。
自亚当•斯密的时代开始,制度与经济发展的关系一直是发展经济学的中心。最近人民对这个领域的兴趣正在复苏。诺斯(1991,第97页)将制度定义为“人类设计的对政治结构、经济和社会相互作用的约束。他们都是由非正式约束(制裁、禁忌、习俗、传统和行为准则),和正式规则(宪法、法律、产权)所组成的”。
FDI In The Import Substitution Era
Economics Essay
In this paper we concentrate on FDI and argue that the contrasting FDI policies in Brazil and India can be traced back to differences in the respective colonial (or semi-colonial) experiences of the two nations during the 19th century. Our comparative analysis of FDI in Brazil and India shows the importance of historical and institutional awareness in gaining an understanding of the manner in which each society perceived the role of foreign investments in their societies. By doing this, we gain an understanding of the reasons these countries adopted different attitudes and policies towards foreign capital.
The relationship between institutions and economic development has been at the center of development economics since the times of Adam Smith. Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in this area. North (1991, p. 97) defines institutions as ‘humanly devised constraints that structure political, economic and social interaction. They consist both of informal constraints (sanctions, taboos, customs, traditions and codes of conduct), and formal rules (constitutions, laws, property rights)’. Given the inherent uncertainty and complexity of modern economies, appropriate economic institutions make markets more efficient. This is also the case of foreign direct investment (FDI), as has been stressed in the literature (Dunning 1998, Görg 2005, Busse and Hefeker 2007, Meon and Sekkat 2007, Seyoum 2011).
For those who believe that “institutions matter”, two questions emerge: How do alternative institutional arrangements affect the quality and pace of economic development? How do such institutions emerge in the first place? The answer to the first question may be obtained by comparing alternative experiences. The answer to the second questions requires a historical perspective. It is within this framework that we present a comparative analysis of Brazil and India’s past and recent experiences with FDI.
Acemoglou et al (2001, 2002, 2005) investigate the impact of colonialism on institutional and economic development of nations. They argue that the biggest impact of colonialism was on economic institutions. In settler colonies, the colonizing nations were more likely to establish institutions that protected property rights for broad masses. This resulted in an egalitarian distribution of political power. By doing so, basic ingredients for development were put in place. In other colonies, where European settlements where restricted, the colonizing power established “extractive” institutions that were inimical to progress. Moreover, to maintain these extractive formations, political power was concentrated in the hands of a small class of elites. These political and economic structures once established persisted even after the colonies became independent, resulting in divergent patterns of growth.
In this paper we concentrate on FDI and argue that the contrasting FDI policies in Brazil and India can be traced back to differences in
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