英语论文网

机构改革的成功，如更好的公司治理是深深植根于一个共同的文化遗产的理解，提供了一个共同的认知框架，由个人决策。
直到最近，在阿拉伯的公司治理中，没有达成一致的说法，在中东和北非地区的辩论和改革很难。
CIPE与当地利益相关者合作工作使公司治理在官方的阿拉伯语词的创作和在这一领域的改革后续进展。

The success of institutional reforms such as better Corporate Governance is deeply rooted in understanding of a common cultural heritage that provides a shared cognitive framework for decision-making by individuals.

Until recently, no agreed upon phrase existed in Arabic for corporate governance, making debate and reform in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region difficult.

CIPE's work in cooperation with local stakeholders resulted in the creation of an official Arabic term for corporate governance, hawkamat ash-sharikat, and subsequent progress of reforms in this area.

Introduction 简介
Today corporate governance is widely recognized as one of the key reform areas in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. There exist a regional institute for corporate governance and a number of international stakeholder groups that take corporate governance issues to heart, such as the OECD MENA Initiative on Governance and Investment for Development. A whole host of country-level efforts that seek to introduce corporate governance codes for listed and non-listed firms, improve board practices, and increase access to capital through better protection of investor rights have been introduced and implemented throughout the region.

Both governments and the private sector are beginning to talk about corporate governance in a constructive way. Although a number of issues remain - from general problems of compliance and enforcement to more specific issue of improving corporate practices in family firms -the progress of countries in dealing with corporate governance issues over the past decade cannot be understated. These accomplishments and ongoing efforts are especially notable when contrasted with the fact that just a decade ago there was no common term for 'corporate governance' in Arabic accepted universally among the MENA countries.

This article explores the steps that have led to the progress of corporate governance reforms in the MENA region, more specifically efforts aimed at creating the common understanding of the concept. It does so in the framework of institutional change, which we discuss in more detail in the paragraphs below.

Understanding Institutional Change 理解制度变迁
There is an emerging global consensus that institutions matter to development because they are key to the economic prospects of countries, much more important than natural resource endowments, geographic location, and even the degree of integration with the global economy. [1] Yet, many debates still continue on the issues surrounding the definition of institutions and the process of institutional change.

Especially in developing countries, institutional concepts remain blurred, as institutional reform is becoming a popular buzzword used by many without the full understanding of its intricacies. What are institutions and how and why do they change? Is it an evolutionary process that takes place over decades or can it be influenced and directed by reformers? Are certain countries and cultures predisposed to having institutions related to high quality growth and development? These are some key questions we should be asking.

Oliver Williamson, a Nobel Prize winning economist, in