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申请MBA essay范文：全球不平等与发展
Global Inequalities And Development 

本文试图通过比较和对比两个制度对社会经济不平等的影响的理论与国家的例子来回答这个问题，通过比较和对比。本文主要分为四个部分：第一部分提供了在当今的社会经济不平等的一些简要的背景；第二部分论述了民主和社会经济不平等的理论观点和国异构的例子之间的联系，表明民主有正面和负面的影响，因此，民主和社会经济不平等之间的关系是模糊的；三研究社会经济不平等的相关理论推导专制的影响提出了某些国家的例子，类似的结果是发现有成功和预后不良的专制；和四部分的结论是，政治制度都有其优点和缺点在减少社会经济不平等，并没有明确的事实表明，哪一个是更好。

Both the terms 'democracy' and 'autocracy' were originated from classical Greek, the former meaning the rule of people, while the latter referring to the rule of a single ruler or party (Levine 2007). Encountering sever economic inequality (e.g. the disparity of income and wealth (2007)) and social inequality (e.g. unequal opportunities to education, healthcare and other social goods and services (2007)) in today's world (UNDP 2002), a question is raised: which political regime, democratic or autocratic, is best suited to economic and social (socioeconomic) inequalities reduction?

This essay seeks to answer this question by comparing and contrasting the theories on two regimes' respective impacts on socioeconomic inequalities with country examples. There are four segments in this essay: part one provides some brief background on today's socioeconomic inequalities; part two discusses the linkage between democracy and socioeconomic inequalities-heterogeneous theoretical views and country examples are presented, showing that democracy has both positive and negative effects and, therefore, the nexus between democracy and socioeconomic inequalities is ambiguous; part three studies the impact of autocracy on socioeconomic inequalities-relevant theoretical deductions are presented with examples of certain states-and a similar result is found that there are autocracies with successful and poor outcomes; and part four concludes that both political regimes have their advantages and disadvantages in reducing socioeconomic inequalities, and that there is no clear set of facts showing which one is better.

Current economic and social inequalities 当前经济和社会的不平等
Economic and social inequalities are among the pressing issues required to be addressed in today's world (UNDP 2002). Economic inequality within state means the disparities in distribution of income and wealth (the gap between the rich and the poor) (Heywood 2000). According to Human Development Report 2002 (UNDP 2002), the income of the world's richest 5% of people is 114 times that of the poorest 5%, meaning the poor suffered because the prices of commodities and services are fuelled by rich people's consumption. Meanwhile, social inequality, referring to the unfair treatments in social institutions to individuals (Levine 2007), such as the gender and racial inequality in access to education (Cohen, Kluegel, and Land 1981), is also severe. For example, girls are more vulnerable to infanticide and sex-selected abortion, and children from impoverished or ethnic minority households have less opportunity than their counterparts from rich families to receive education (UNDP 2002). To reduce these critic inequalities, Human Development Report infers that democracy is the best solution (UNDP 2002). However, on the basis of comparative studies of democracy and autocracy's theoretic and empirical impacts on addressing these issues, this assertion is controversial.

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