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Chapter One  Introduction

1.1   Background of the Study 
The  value  of  the  existence  of  language  is  that  it  can  express  different  meanings.  People use language to show their ideas, to communicate, to exchange information, and so on, so any form  of  language  should  have  corresponding  semantic  content.  Harris  (1952:  1-30)  had pointed out that “Language does not exist in words or sentences, but in related texts.” Text refers  to  series  of  continuous  words  or  a  whole  language  composed  of  sentences.  However, text is not just composed of series of sentences, but a whole in semantic. Some phenomena of natural  language  are  not  confined  to  syntax,  but  exist  in  a  more  reasonable  explanation  in texts. Therefore, in terms of the  understanding of  language, the study on semantic of texts  is of great importance. Clause  complex  is  one  of  the  basic  semantic  units  of  a  text.  Both  of  its  internal  and external  functional  organization  will  play  an  important  semantic  role  in  developing  a  text (Chen Anling, 2000: 5). What?s more, the way of the organization of logical-semantic system in clause complexes describes some characters of the context in a text. To develop a text, the language need to form clause complexes of relatively complete semantics, and then to form a complete  text  with  continuous  context,  semantic  and  linguistic  means.  In  this  process,  the logical-semantic relations between clauses in clause complex play a very important role. In  texts,  any  clause  complex  should  be  composed  of  two  or  more  sentences.  The composition  is  not  out-of-order,  but  connected  with  each  other  according  to  the  needs  of semantic  expressions  to  form  abstract  and  interdependent  logical-semantic  relations,  which guarantee  the  semantic  integrality  in  clause  complex.  Therefore,  M.A.K.  Halliday  firstly focused  on  the  study  of  logical-semantic  relations  between  clauses  and  created the theory  of logical-semantic relationships. After long time?s development and perfection, he established the  classification  of  logical-semantic  relationships  in  his  masterpiece  An  Introduction  to Functional  Grammar.  Halliday  studied  logical-semantic  relations  in  clause  complex,  but  at the same time, he pointed out that the  logical-semantic relations do not only exist  in clauses, but also exist in the whole texts. 
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1.2   Significance and Purpose of the Study 
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