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Market Structure And Competition In The Banking Sector Finance Essay

¹ýÈ¥ÔÚÅ·ÃËÄÚµÄÎ÷°àÑÀµÄ¾­¼ÃÊÕÁ²¿ìËÙ-The rapid economic convergence of Spain in the European Union in the last 

decade has been mirrored by an equally rapid expansion of its banking industry the Spanish banking sector's total assets over GDP expanded from 70 to 80 percent of the EU average.At the end of 2007, total assets held by the banking sector amounted to 280 percent of GDP; 110 percentage points higher than in 1997.The Spanish banking sector comprises four types of institutions: (Bank of Spain, data available at 13 April 2010)
a€¡é Commercial banks - 154 entities, accounting for 54 percent of total credit institutions' assets, of which 53 are Spanish-owned, 17 are subsidiaries and 80 are branches of foreign institutions.Domestic banks are generally market-traded entities mostly engaged in retail banking;
a€¡é Savings banks (Cajas) -46 entities, with a market share of 40 percent. They are 'not for profit.foundations' with strong local government and/or autonomous communities' participation. They are not listed or traded in the stock market.
a€¡é Cooperative banks - 83 entities, with a market share of 4 percent. They are organized under the umbrella of Banco Cooperativo Espa?ol. They provide services based on membership, but can also offer some financial services to third parties as do other credit institutions.
a€¡é Specialized credit institutions (SCIs) - 69 entitites, with a market share of 2 percent. Although carrying out most of the activities of credit institutions, they are prohibited from receiving repayable funds from the public in the form of deposits, loans, temporary assignment of financial assets, or other comparable instruments.
Mergers of savings banks, or cajas, are subject to respective regional governments' approval. Cajas cannot be purchased by private individuals or institutions due to their legal nature, but they can acquire other companies and credit institutions. Nevertheless, cajas' assets and branches can be purchased by individuals, private
companies and commercial banks. For more details, see FSAP (2006) 'Technical Note on Regulation,Supervision, and Governance of Spanish Cajas,' (IMF Country Report No. 06/215).

September 2010 European central bank

Market structure indicators, such as the Herfindahl Index or the share of total assets of the five largest institutions, indicate that the d concentration in Spain, albeit increasing, has remained one of the lowest in the EU (Table a€|.). A number of studies have investigated banking competition in Spain and 
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