sex tourism In Kenyas analysis
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论文字数:2568论文编号:org201507080959064881语种:英语 English地区:加拿大价格:免费论文
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摘要:本文是一篇加拿大课程论文,主要介绍了肯尼亚性旅游业的发展,及其影响。
“性旅游业需要第三世界妇女在经济绝望的处境下进入卖淫行业,一旦他们这样做,就很难脱离这个行业。这个等式的另一边需要富裕地区的人想象非洲妇女在国外比在他们自己的国家更加顺从。最后,这个行业发展依赖于两者联盟——地方政府需要增加外汇和外国企业愿意投资性旅游业”(Enloe, 2000:36)。
性旅游是一种意义上的旅游,而旅行的主要目的是完善或从事商业性性关系,否则则会被称为性卖淫(Graburn 1983;
Hall 1991; Ryan and Hall 2001)。随着经济的发展,人民生活水平的不提高,男人和女人去第三世界国家寻求性旅游的数量大大增加了(Herold et al.
2001)。在过去,臭名昭著的性目的地主要是东南亚国家,今天它已蔓延到世界上其他地区,这些国家包括肯尼亚,突尼斯,南部非洲,巴西的冈比亚(Ryan and Hall
2001, Enloe2002; Chissim 1996)。
'Sex tourism requires Third World women to be economically desperate enough to enter into prostitution; once they do so, it becomes difficult to leave. The other side of the equation requires men from affluent societies to imagine that African women are more available and submissive than women in their own countries. Finally, the industry depends on alliance between local governments in search of foreign currency and local foreign business willing to invest in sexualized travel' (Enloe, 2000:36).
Otherwise known as sex prostitution, sex tourism is tourism for which the main motivation of the trip is to consummate or engage in commercial sexual relations (Graburn 1983; Hall 1991; Ryan and Hall 2001). The number of men and women travelling to Third World countries seeking sex tourism has increased tremendously (Herold et al. 2001). In the past, notorious sex destinations have been mainly the South East Asian countries, today it has spread to other regions of the world including Kenya, Tunisia, South Africa, Brazil and The Gambia (Ryan and Hall 2001, Enloe2002; Chissim 1996).
This paper discusses gender and the political economy of sex tourism on the Kenyan Coast, its health and socio- economic impacts.
International Tourism and Sex Tourism in Kenya
Tourists visit Kenya because of several reasons including its beautiful landscape, wildlife safari, the humid climatic conditions along the Kenyan Coast and the beautiful Coastal beaches. International tourist arrivals in Kenya have been increasing tremendously from 69 million in 1960 to 160 million in 1970, 458 million in 1990, and 625 million in 1998 (WTO, 1999). This increase has led to massive increase in sex tourism, a condition evidenced by inclusion of Kenya among the world's leading sex tourism destinations (Vatican 2003; Boston Globe 1995; East African Standard 1995 and Chessim 1996).
Although not officially stated, a good percentage of foreign tourists who visit Kenya often indulge in sex tourism during their trip (Chissam 1996; Sindiga 1999). These tourists mainly come from Germany, the UK, Switzerland, Italy and France. Others are from North America, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and European countries such as Spain and Sweden. Many of these countries have been generating sex tourists to some of the world's renowned sex tourism destinations such as Thailand (Ryan and Hall 2001). Hence we can conclude that they are likely to engage in the same activity while in Kenya.
Kenya is a developing country with agriculture contributing 24.0% of GDP. Overall, Kenya's economic performance has been declining since early 1990's. The country's per capita is about US$ 260 and more than 70% of Kenyan population currently lives below the poverty line; the worst hit are 本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。