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Chapter I Introduction第一章节介绍

第一章绪论
电子政务是指利用现代信息技术，如计算机、网络和通信，实现政府组织结构和工作流程的优化重组，超越时间、空间和部门分隔的限制，建立一个精简、高效、廉洁、公平的政府运作模式，从而提供了一个社会的全方位的优质，规范，透明的管理和服务，均符合国际标准（赵、沈和矿工，2014）。随着国家的大力支持和推动下，我国电子政务建设取得了很大的进步，市场规模的不断扩大，根据数据，2006，中国电子政务市场规模￥550亿，2010显示16.4%、增加，其市场规模超过1000亿￥；2012，市场规模达到￥1390亿，显示增加了17.3%（小，姚和李，2012）。虽然我国电子政务的发展取得了一定的进展，为我国的电子政务起步晚，也有不足之处，如缺乏电子政务基础设施，在充分满足公民需要的电子政务失败，公共参与程度低，等等，其中电子政务和政府过程之间的松散组合最重要的问题之一（Chen，et al.，2013）。
E-government refers to the use of modern information technology, such as computer, network and communications, to achieve the optimal reorganization of government organizational structures and workflows, it goes beyond time, space and department separation restrictions to develop a streamlined, efficient, clean-fingered and fair government mode of operation, so as to provide a society a full range of high-quality, standardized, transparent management and service which are in line with international standards (Zhao, Shen and Collier, 2014). With the strong support and promotion of the country, China's e-government has made great progress, the size of the market continued to expand, according to data, in 2006, China's e-government market size was ￥ 55 billion, showing an increase of 16.4%, in 2010, its market size exceeded ￥ 100 billion; in 2012, the market scale reached ￥ 139 billion, showing an increase of 17.3% (Xiao, Yao and Li, 2012). Although the development of e-government in China has made a certain degree of progress, as China's e-government started late, there are deficiencies, such as inadequate e-government infrastructure, failure of e-government in fully meeting the needs of citizens, low degree of public e-participation, and so on, of which the loose combination between e-government and government process is one of the most important issue (Chen, et al., 2013).
With the increasing maturity of information technology, the rapid development of network technology, as well as the explosion of online social and economic activities, enterprises and the public want to deal with a government more easily, transparently and efficiently, they want the integration of all aspects dealing with a government to make the purposes of a government achieve the transformation from 'controlling' to 'intelligentization', and a 'customer' service-centric purpose (Gao, Song and Zhu, 2013). Considering from a global perspective, promoting the automation, networking, electronic of government office to achieve full sharing of information has been the general trend (Liu, Chen and Wang, 2012). Among five application areas of 'information superhighway' actively promoted by the countries in the world, e-government is listed as the first and has become the basis of informationization of a society. At present, Western countries with rapid development of e-government attach great importance to government process reengineering (Ma, Chung and Thorson, 2005). E-government development of Western countries is involved in the reengineering of government agencies and integration of government service process through information technology, involving government reengineering and all levels of a government (Shi, 2007). To safeguard the smooth development of e-government, Western countries set up a special organization and grant them appropriate authority to be responsible for the implementation of 'e-government, and in accordance with the requirements of e-government for government process to carry out optimiza