企业社会责任(简称CSR)是一种世界性的现象。二十世纪以来许多组织尽他们的努力增加了社会支持的非相关的活动,(Tsoutoura 2004)
这种现象已经发展得如此之多,一些公司决定制定企业社会责任方面的组织政策。在发达国家,不同的公司每年将在他们的帐户对企业社会责任进行书面报告,披露他们如何花他们的钱和社区如何受益(Tsoutoura 2004)
国际大公司在世界各地像英国石油企业社会责任活动之间的联系,雪莉和诺基亚都是最大的全球知名公司。这些公司大多强调了如何通过改善他们的生产过程,尽量减少不必要的和有害的废物的环境的生存环境。这表明,目前大多数国际公司的企业社会责任活动更多的是以环境为导向,而不是其他方面,如社会,员工,客户,供应商和政府。
除了上述公司,在大多数国家的电信行业,企业社会责任的现象也已清楚地看到。在坦桑尼亚私营部门公司,特别是电信公司一直是企业社会责任活动的主要参与者。
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a growing phenomenon worldwide. The 20th century has seen many organisations increase their effort in supporting non-related activities in the society (Tsoutoura 2004)
This phenomenon has grown so much that some companies decided to incorporate the aspect of CSR in their organisational policies. In developed countries, different companies give reports on CSR in their books of accounts annually, disclosing where they have spent their money and how the community benefited (Tsoutoura 2004)
Major international companies all over the world have been linked with the CSR activities such as British petrol, Shelly and Nokia which are some of the largest and globally known companies. Most of these companies have highlighted on how they ensure the survival of the environment through aspects of refining their processes of production, minimizing unnecessary and harmful waste products. This shows that the present CSR activities of most international companies have been more oriented on the environment rather than the other aspects such as the society, employees, customers, suppliers and government.
In addition to the above companies, the phenomenon of CSR has been clearly seen in the telecommunication industry in most countries. In Tanzania private sector companies, particularly, the telecommunication companies have been major participants in the CSR activities.
Over the years, the Tanzanian telecommunication sector has participated in development activities within the society. Vodacom-Tanzania for example has constructed water-wells, built schools and supported sports-in 2001 the company provided a five year sponsorship to the football association in the country. (Vodacom Tanzania limited 2010)
Moreover, Zain-Tanzania, a global telecommunication Company, has been an active player in conducting CSR activities within the country; including supporting education by providing school desks and computers to the primary and secondary schools respectively, and through the Zain Africa challenge program and various environmental campaigns. (Zain Africa limited 2010)
In order to analyze the future trend of CSR on whether it will focus more on the environment than other areas, and to further discuss whether CSR is primarily about making money for international businesses, the concept and theories of CSR will be identified, along with an analysis of the existing empirical literature.
The concept of CSR——企业社会责任的概念
corporate social responsibility is an evolving term that does not have a standard definition. Although it is not a new concept, it still remains an emerging and elusive idea for academics and a contested issue for business managers and their stakeholders. Many people have vague ideas about what corporate social responsibility is all about. They view it as 'a big corporation handing out money to the environment or a community initiative' Middle East corporate social responsibi
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