摘要:本文是一篇留学生税法补贴论文,补贴,通常被视为税收的相反面,是一种财政政策的工具。补贴源于拉丁词“subsidium”,从字面意思上反应出背后所隐含的援助的意思。然而,当这些措施是透明的,有针对性的以及适用于实际执行情况时,他们才会展现出最有益的潜力。
引言
补贴
货币援助是指政府为了支持企业而对一个人或一个组织进行货币援助,这被认为是符合公众利益的。
由一个人或政府给予他人金融援助。
以前英国王室的资金由国会供给。
补贴,通常被视为税收的相反面,是一种财政政策的工具。补贴源于拉丁词“subsidium”,从字面意思上反应出背后所隐含的援助的意思。然而,当这些措施是透明的,有针对性的以及适用于实际执行情况时,他们才会展现出最有益的潜力。
类间接税可以改变相对价格和预算限制,从而影响涉及到生产、消费和资源分配的决策。对诸如教育、 卫生和环境等领域的补贴有时是很值得的,这是因为这样做的益处的传播远远比受惠者本身要大,并且为现在和未来的人们所共享。然而对于许多其他的补贴却不那么明显。这是由于政府广泛地参与了各种经济活动,也包括住房效率低下或怀疑分配凭据的很多补贴。
Introduction
Subsidy
Monetary assistances granted by a government to a person or group in support of an enterprises regarded as being in the public interest.
Financial assistance given by one person or government to another.
Money formerly granted to the British Crown by Parliament.
A subsidy, often viewed as the converses of a tax, is an instrument of fiscal policy. Derived from the Latin word 'subsidium', a subsidy literally implied coming to assistance from behind. However, their beneficial potential is at it best when they are transparent, well targeted, and suitably designed for practical implementation.
Like indirect taxes, they can alter relative prices and budget constraints and thereby affect decisions concerning production, consumption and allocation of resources. Subsidies in areas such as education, health and environment at times merit justification on grounds that their benefits are spread well beyond the immediate recipients, and are shared by the population at large, present and future. For many other subsidies, however the case is not so clear-cut. Arising due to extensive governmental participation in a variety of economic activities, there are many subsidies that shelter inefficiencies or are of doubtful distributional credentials. Subsidies that are ineffective need to be weaned out, for an undiscerning, uncontrolled and opaque growth of subsidies can be deleterious for a country's public finances.
In India, as also elsewhere, subsidies now account for a significant part of government's expenditures although, like that of an iceberg, only their tip may be visible. These implicit subsidies not only cause a considerable draft on the already strained fiscal resources, but may also fail on the anvil of equity and efficiency as has already been pointed out above
Subsidy: Meaning and economic rationale
Definition
The Oxford English Dictionary defines subsidy as 'money granted by State, public body etc to keep down the prices of commodities etc'
Objectives
Subsidies, by means of creating a wedge between consumer prices and producer costs, lead to changes in demand/ supply decisions. Subsidies are often aim
Inducing higher consumption/ production
Offsetting market imperfections including internalization of externalities;
Achievement of social policy objectives including redistribution of income, population control, etc.
Forms of subsidies
A cash payment to producers/ consumers is an easily recognizable form of a subsidy. However, it also has many invisible forms. Thus, it may be hidden in reduced tax-liability, low interest government loans or government equity participation. If the government procures goods, such as food grains, at higher th
本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。