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在西方世界小公司代表大约99%的雇主,私营部门雇佣了大约一半的劳动力和负责三分之二到四分之三的新增工作(办公室小企业宣传,2003)。根据亚太经济合作,中小企业雇佣了80%的劳动力,贡献60%的国民生产总值,占出口总额的35%左右(亚太经合组织,1998年)。因此,一个国家的经济发展密切相关的健康和发展中小企业(SME)部门因为这是一个至关重要的新的就业机会的来源,生活水平的提高,创新和导致经济增长。
小企业通常定义为私人拥有和经营的公司,通常合伙或独资企业,销售和量较低的有限数量的员工,然后少50在欧盟,100年的中国与500年的美国。尽管这是毫无疑问的患病率中小企业在世界经济和一个动态的发展的重要性,不幸的是,根据美国小企业管理局(2003),超过50%的中小企业在第一年失败前五年内,95%的失败。“企业员工少于20只有37%的机会幸存的四年(的业务),只有9%的机会存活10年”,报道Dun & Bradstreet(1996)。因此失败率如此之高的原因是什么小企业和什么成功的中小企业为了生存和成长吗?这些是需要解决的问题在这篇文章里,为了更好地理解为什么小企业无法成长和如何避免这些原因,说明策略的例子成功的企业家。

In the western world small firms represent about 99 percent of employers, employ about half of the private sector workforce and are responsible for about two-thirds to three-quarters of the net new jobs (Office of Small Business Advocacy, 2003). According to Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, small and medium-sized businesses employ as much as 80 percent of the workforce, contribute up to 60 percent of GNP, and account for around 35 percent of total exports in the region (APEC, 1998). Thus the economic development of a country is closely related to the health and progress of its small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) sector because this is a crucial source of new job opportunities, improvements of living standards, innovations and leads to economic growth. Small businesses are commonly defined as privately owned and operated firms, usually partnership or sole proprietorships, with low volumes of sales and limited number of employees; fewer then 50 in the European Union, 100 in China and 500 in the USA. Despite there is no doubt about the prevalence of SMEs in the world's economies and their importance for a dynamic development, unfortunately, according to the U.S. Small Business Administration (2003), over 50% of small businesses fail in the first year and 95% fail within the first five years. 'Businesses with fewer than 20 employees have only a 37% chance of surviving four years (of business) and only a 9% chance of surviving 10 years', reports Dun & Bradstreet (1996). Hence what are the causes of such high failure rates of small businesses and what do successful SMEs do in order to survive and grow? These are the questions to be addressed in this essay in order to better understand why small businesses fail to grow and how those causes can be avoided, illustrated on examples of tactics employed by successful entrepreneurs.

Why do such a large proportion of founding entrepreneurs fail to grow their businesses and consequently fail to survive?

Before the analysis of causes preventing the growth of small businesses is undertaken let us clarify what is meant by growth. For the purpose of this essay, a growing business is any? firm whose business generates significant positive cash flows and earnings enabling to increase the number of its employees and profitable reinvestment opportunities from its own retained earnings (Phillips & Kirchhoff, 1989). The growth of the business can be measured by the extent of growth in 'net' increase in employees, i.e. the net of total employment in the last year minus total employment in the birth year. This employment measure has the advantage of being unaffected by inflation and therefore is more reliable over time than growth measures expressed in dollars本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。