专门化和国际贸易的优点和缺点
Benefits and drawbacks of specialisation and international trade
本文旨在为读者提供信息的最重要的两种方式专门化和国际贸易在国际业务和严格审查的优点和缺点的。此外,还提出了一些论点,有利于世界各地的自由贸易的概念。
此外,本文包括关键要素,如相关主题的背景,国际商业经济相关理论的批判性回顾,其次是调查结果和结论。
Introduction 简介
This
essay aims at providing the reader with information on the two prime ways in which international business transpires and critically examines the benefits and drawbacks of specialisation and international trade. Moreover, some arguments have been put forward in favour of the concept of free trade around the globe.
Furthermore the
essay comprises of critical elements such as the background of the related topics, critical review of relevant theories of international business economics followed by findings and conclusions.
Literature Review 文献综述
Globalisation
(Mmieh, 2010) refers to globalization as the augmentation set of inter-reliant relationships amongst people from dissimilar parts of the earth that happens to be divided into nations. The term sometimes may also consign to the amalgamation of world economies through the diminution of barriers to the movement of trade, capital, technology and people.
The unavoidability of globalization for organizations is very well advocated by distinguished management guru, peter ducker in his management challenges for the 21st century. All organizations have to make global competitiveness a deliberate goal. No organization whether a business, hospital of university can anticipate surviving, let alone to do well, except it measures up to the standards set by influential people in its field, in any place in the world. This is surely because of the upward trend towards a borderless world, appreciation to the continuing liberalization (Cherunilam, 2007).
Moreover (Cherunilam, 2007) states that globalization is frequently a must because a corporation that fails to go international is in the menace of losing its familial business to its local competitors with inferior costs, superior experience, enhanced products and in a nutshell, extra value for the customer. Determined by the omnipresent economic liberalizations, nationalized economies are becoming more and more sovereign and integrated and the world economy and business are becoming more and more globalised.
Mercantilism 商业主义
(Cullen, 2010) states that at some stage in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the general idea was that trade among countries was a zero-sum fixture. A zero-sum game is like a tennis match: when one player gains a point, the other player loses. In the mercantilism philosophy, the purpose between-country trade was to encourage a country to win by exporting more than it's imported. Such a trade belief flourished at an era of nation-building and the anticipation that each state would accrue as much gold and silver as possible. At that point in time, Gold and silver was the legal tender of trade, and countries that exported more than they imported accumulated more gold and silver. One countries win was another countries loss. Economists call this surplus of exports over imports a favourable balance of trade (Cullen, 2010).
Absolute Advantage 绝对优势
(Cullen, 2010) mentions that in 1776, Adam Smith made available his famous book, The Wealth of Nations.2 In this book, he hit the mercantilism belief that the amount of wealth in the world
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