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音乐行业存在着一个关于音乐下载的大问题，音乐究竟应该免费或付费还是非法下载(盗版)。人们一直以来都知道这些下载会对CD的定价和销售产生影响。许多关于这方面的研究将如下所示。一些研究表明，网上下载并不影响音乐CD销量的下降，反而能帮助其达到更高的销售额。而另一些研究表明网上下载确实降低了音乐CD的销量。本文将带领我们看看这些不同的研究。

在网上下载音乐而不是购买CD的行为，是当今社会一个普遍的趋势，同时也是全世界音乐爱好者的决定。相对而言，下载音乐更方便一些。音乐CD出现在1982年，当时是商业音乐的媒介。而互联网技术为音乐爱好者下载音乐提供了方便。正是这种新技术和便利的行为，威胁到了音乐CD的销售。消费者现在可以通过下载自己喜欢的歌曲来享受音乐的乐趣。这样一来，网上下载确实降低了CD销售的需求。一张CD里大概有11、15或更多首歌曲。然而，并不是所有歌曲都是音乐爱好者喜欢听的。这是他们选择自行下载音乐的主要原因（Harrell 2007年）。

A big question in the Music industry has arisen. It is the one about music downloads, whether free or paid for or illegally downloaded (piracy). People were and are still keen to know whether these downloads have an effect on the price of CDs and the sales of CDs. Many studies have been done in this regard as will be shown below. Some of the studies concluded that the downloads did not affect the Music CD industry negatively, but rather helped it to achieve higher sales. Others report that the industry has suffered. This paper will look at the different studies undertaken.

It is a general trend and decision of music-lovers worldwide, to download music instead of buying CDs. Downloads are seen to be more convenient. Music CDs appeared in 1982 and became the medium for commercial music. The Internet and technology gives music lovers the ability to download music. It is this new technology and convenience that threatened and threatens the music CD sales. Consumers now have the luxury to handpick the songs and music that they prefer and like. The supply and demand of CD sales are influenced by the downloads. When a CD comes out, there are between 11 and 15 or more songs on the album. However, not all the songs are liked by music lovers. This is one of the main reasons for music downloading (Harrell 2007).

价格和需求———Price and Demand

Price elasticity is the reference to price change in connection to demand. Demand can also change in relationship to price. Price elasticity also refers to the amount of money a single consumer wants to pay for something. 

Consumers with lower incomes have lower price elasticity for they have less disposable income. This means that higher income consumers have higher price elasticity because they can pay more. Depending on the product and the value of it, even low income or low spenders with low price elasticity, will want to pay more. In the case of the music CD sales, both low and high income spenders, like to download music which is cheaper than a CD and they also have the luxury of choosing what they want (Ellis-Christensen 2011). Downloaded music and CDs are substitutes for each other. The downloaded music is on the rise. Downloaded music prices went down as a result if access to the internet on a worldwide scale as more music sites became available. Because of the fall in the price of the substitute (downloaded music) decreases the demand for Music CDs. Thus the price drop in downloaded music is resultant of the decrease in demand for CDs ( Lee & Gosain 2002; Leung 2009; Liebowitz 2005).

音乐下载对CD销售的影响———Studies done in Music downloads and the effects on CD sales:

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