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壳牌石油公司研究论文

壳牌石油公司来起源于海贝壳。在1833年，由一个名为马库斯·塞缪尔的商人在伦敦开立并经营着专门做古董和贝壳生意的企业。这些商品被一位历史学家作为装饰用买走。后来马库斯的儿子加入了他的公司。当他游历在里海海岸寻找贝壳时，马库斯意识到向这个地区出口做饭用油和灯油是一个商机。因此，他开始施行自己的伟大抱负，在1822年他与第一艘油轮签订了以15年为期的运营合同，壳牌公司合并其他荷兰公司成为世界石油公司巨头企业。如今，壳牌公司是全球第二大石油公司，与一千家公司和两千家合资企业建立关系网，业务遍及超过135个国家。

据埃斯特拉达、哈维尔、克里斯蒂安·唐恩和黑尔格·奥莱·伯格林所说，持久领先的石油公司已经有了一个糟糕的公众形象，也一直被批评维护垄断地位和谋取巨大利益，造成意外事故并且对环境和人类健康带来破坏性影响。

Ethics Research Paper on Shell Oil Company

Shell Oil Company has its origin in the sea shells. In 1833, a trader by the name of Marcus Samuel opened and operated an enterprise in London that specialized in antiques and sea shells. These products were being bought by historians for decoration purposes. Marcus was later joined by his son in the business. As he traveled in search of shells at the coast of Caspian Sea, Marcus recognized an opportunity of exporting oil to this area to be used for cooking and in lamps. He thus set his ambition, and in 1882, he commissioned the first oil tanker and in a period of 15 years, Shell Company merged with another Dutch company and formed the first oil conglomerate company in the world. Today, Shell is the world’s second largest oil company comprising of a network of close to a thousand companies and two thousand joint ventures operating in over 135 countries.

According to Estrada, Javier, Kristian Tangen and Helge Ole Bergesen (1997), leading oil Companies for long had an awful public image and standing being criticized for maintaining monopoly and making enormous profits, causing accidents and their devastating impact on the environment and human health. However, the 1980’s, oil companies have come up to improve their public image through expanding their agenda to include environmental sustainability and according to the business principles that shell company upholds, it is committed to conducting business as responsible members of the society and to observe the laws of the country in which the company operates its business. Accordingly, in the year 2000 the company spent 85 million USD on social responsibility in terms of sponsoring education and provision of medical services among other services, with the largest share going to Africa and the Middle East. Shell Company has also played an active role in eradicating poverty in countries where it operates through increasing oil revenues distributed to local communities. This has been done in Nigeria through the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC).

However, these gains and activities come at a great cost as the Company’s activities have caused serious environmental degradation which has affected the community negatively. There have been several oil spills from the areas of operation of the company, discharge of production waste, and air pollution are just but a few of the environmental damage. This has led to a negative impact on the health of the people in such communities. The above involvement has been as a result of ethical concerns of which the Statement of General Business Principles by Shell Company provides for the Upholding of the Company’s reputation as being paramount. Shell Company also embraces the importance of maintaining trust and confidence of its employees, customers, and shareholders as well as the communities in which it operates as a social initiative. The desire to contribute to the common good has also been a drive for the Compa