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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2013-08-26编辑:lgg点击率:9206
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摘要:Presupposition refers to an inference or proposition which is assuxDed to betrue in the utterance of a sentence. Presupposition is usually realized by the use ofparticular lexical items and/or linguistic constructions which are known aspresupposition triggers.
Chapter I literature review
1.1 Previous Studies on Presupposition
The studies on presupposition originate from philosophy. During the period of1969-76,along with the development of semantics, the notion of presuppositioncame to the attention of semanticists. Later, the nse of pragmatics opens up a newresearch perspective for the notion of presupposition. From philosophy topragmatics, presupposition has been differently defined and interpreted.
1.1以前的研究预设
源于哲学研究的前提。在1969年至1976年期间,随着语义,语义学注意presuppositioncame的概念的发展。后来,NSE语用预设的概念,开辟了一个新的研究视角。从理念,以语,已预设不同的定义和解释。
1.1.1 Philosophical Studies on Presupposition
The pragmatic study of presupposition originates with debates in philosophy,they try to find out the nature of Reference and referring expressions, and how theyshould be translated into the restricted logical languages.The first philosopher in recent times to wrestle with such problems was Frege,the architect of modem logic. He firstly put forward the term “presupposition” todescribe the relationship between sentences in his paper On Sense and Reference.Since then, presupposition has attracted great attention from scholars in both the filed of philosophy and linguistics. He ever said: “If anything is asserted there isalways an obvious presupposition that the simple or compound proper names usedhave a reference. If one therefore asserts 'Kepler died in misery', there is apresupposition that the name ‘Kepler’ designates something." (Frege, 1952:69)According to Frege., referring phrases and temporal clauses can carrypresuppositions to the effect that they do in fact refer; the same presuppositionoccurs at a sentence and its negative counterpart; the presupposition must be trueno matter a sentence (assertion) is true or false. He claims that sentences maintaintheir sense or meaning even if they lack referents and thus fail to have a truth value.His distinction between sense and reference is quite important for the futurestudies on presupposition.
However, Russel pointed that Frege's views on reference were simply wrongand proposed the well-known theory of descriptions. He held that definitedescriptions like the in the sentence The King of France is wise serve as subjects innatural language, but they function as conjunctions of propositions but not subjectsin logical field. In addition, Russel claimed that The King of France is wise shouldbe decomposed into the conjunction of the following three assertions There is aKing of France, There is only one else who s King of France and he is Mdse.Russel held that if one of the propositions in the conjunctions of propositionsis false, then the whole utterance with conjunctions of propositions is false. Oneparticular advantage in Russd,s analysis is so called scope-ambiguities, by whichthe negative sentence The King of France is not wise can be decomposed into twoways: either there is a King of France and he is not Mise or it is denied that there isKing of France and he is wise. The former way refers to narrow-scop negationwhich only denies that the predicate applies to him. while the latter is mentioned aswide-scop negation to deny that the King of France exists.
1.1.2 Semantic Studies on Presupposition
During the period of 1969-76, along with the development of semantics, thenotion of presupposition came to the attention of semanticists who studied it as akind of semantic relat本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。